Chlorine
Also known as Molecular chlorine, dichlorine, Bertholite
Key facts
What buyers check first
- Appearance
- Yellowish-green gas
- Melting point
- -101.5 °C
- Boiling point
- -34 °C
- Density
- 2.898 g/L
- Solubility
- 1.46 g/100 cc water at 0 °C, 310 cc/100 cc water at 10 °C, 177 cc/100 cc water at 30 °C,…
- HS code
- 280110
- Category
- Metals, alloys and elements
- UN number
- UN 1017
What is Chlorine?
Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms
Dichlorine is a gas molecular entity and a diatomic chlorine. It has a role as a bleaching agent.
Chlorine is a diatomic molecule of chlorine.
Identifiers
Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy
- IUPAC name
- molecular chlorine
- CAS number
- 7782-50-5 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 81859-29-2
- EC number
- 231-959-5
- Molecular formula
- Cl2
- UNII
- 4R7X1O2820
- InChIKey
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Cl2/c1-2
- SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
- ClCl
Synonyms
- Molecular chlorine
- dichlorine
- Bertholite
- Chlorine gas
- Chlorinum
- Chloor
- Chlore
- Chlor
- Cloro
- Chlorine mol.
- Chlorine 35
- UN 1017
- Gas, Chlorine
- Cl2 Gas
- Gas, Cl2
- dichlorane
- Total Chlorine
- Dietary Chlorine
- HBA Disinfectant
- Disinfectant(NaClO)
- Chlorine-35
- Cl
- Chlorine, puriss., >=99.8%
- Bertholite /warfare gas/
- Chlorine-elemental
Show all 34 synonymsShow fewer synonyms
- Chlorine Blank (0 wt%) in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine - Cl @ 5000 microg/g in 75 cSt Oil
- Chlorine - Cl @ 100 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine - Cl @ 1000 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine Blank - Cl @ 0 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine Standard: Cl @ 20 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine Standard: Cl @ 25 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine Standard: Cl @ 50 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
- Chlorine Standard: Cl @ 75 microg/g in 75 cSt Mineral Oil
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade
| Appearance | Yellowish-green gasexp.Measured value |
|---|---|
| Odour | Suffocating odorexp.Measured value |
| Melting point | -101.5 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Boiling point | -34 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Density | 2.898 g/Lexp.Measured value |
| Autoignition temperature | Not flammableexp.Measured value |
| Solubility | 1.46 g/100 cc water at 0 °C, 310 cc/100 cc water at 10 °C, 177 cc/100 cc water at 30 °C, 0.57 g/100 cc water at 30 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Vapour pressure | 5.83 × 10⁺³ mm Hg at 25 °Cexp.Measured value |
Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.
Computed descriptors
Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation
| Molecular weight | 70.91 g/molcalc.Computed value |
|---|---|
| Exact mass | 69.9377 Dacalc.Computed value |
| LogP (octanol/water) | 1.38calc.Computed value |
| Topological polar surface area | 0 Ųcalc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0calc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 0calc.Computed value |
| Rotatable bonds | 0calc.Computed value |
| Heavy atoms | 2calc.Computed value |
| Rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Aromatic rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Fraction sp3 carbons | 0calc.Computed value |
| Formal charge | 0calc.Computed value |
| Stereocentres | 0calc.Computed value |
Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.
Safety and hazards
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet
Hazard statements
- H270May cause or intensify fire, oxidiser.
- H315Causes skin irritation.
- H319Causes serious eye irritation.
- H331Toxic if inhaled.
- H335May cause respiratory irritation.
- H400Very toxic to aquatic life.
Precautionary statements (23)
- P220Keep away from clothing and other combustible materials.
- P244Keep valves and fittings free from oil and grease.
- P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
- P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
- P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
- P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
- P273Avoid release to the environment.
- P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
- P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
- P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
- P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
- P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
- P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
- P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
- P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
- P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
- P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
- P370 + P376In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to do so.
- P391Collect spillage.
- P403Store in a well-ventilated place.
- P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
- P405Store locked up.
- P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
- UN number
- UN 1017
- Transport hazard class
- 2.3
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.
Full safety data and first aidChlorine suppliers
Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings
- India, Vadodara ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- India, New DelhiUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- India, Ahmedabad ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- China, Zhongwei ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- United States, WayneUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Italy, MilanoUnclaimed profileCloroGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- United Kingdom, RuncornUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Pakistan, Lahore ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Thailand, Khlong San ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Thailand ManufacturerUnclaimed profileChlorineGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
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Where suppliers are based
151 suppliers in 29 countries
- United States74
- India22
- China9
- Germany4
- United Kingdom4
- Belgium3
- and 23 more countries
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Chlorine price
Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers
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Uses and applications
What the substance is used for, by industry and function
Because of its high toxicity and occurrence of poisoning incidents, the Agency is requiring restricted use status for the non-residential swimming pool use, the industrial food use settings, cooling water towers, and for pulp and paper mill process water systems. Under the provisions of restricted use, only certified applicators or other persons under direct supervision of a certified applicator (40 CFR 171.6) would be able to apply chlorine gas and only for these uses covered by the Certified Applicators certification.
Chlorine's primary use is in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), via ethylene dichloride (EDC) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which accounts for 36% of world consumption. Other main uses are isocyanates and oxygenates, inorganics, chloromethanes/solvents (although this is declining), and epichlorohydrin.
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Other outlets are in titanium dioxide, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, hydrochloric acid, chlorinated rubbers, and pulp and paper production. Chlorine is also used in the control of biofouling in cooling systems, sterilization, and the manufacture of pesticides and refrigerants.
Manufacture of organic and inorganic chemicals. As oxidizing and bleaching agent in pulp and paper industry, and for textiles. As disinfectant for water purification, industrial waste, sewage, swimming pools. In the extraction and refining of metals. (36)Cl for determining geological age of natural samples such as meteorites, surface rocks, polar ice and ground water. Has been used as a military poison gas under the name bertholite.
Chlorine is a toxic gas with corrosive properties. It is widely used as bleach in the manufacture of paper and cloth and in manufacturing solvents, pesticides, synthetic rubber, and refrigerants.
Industries and functions
Pharmacological actions
- Chemical Warfare Agents
Roles
- bleaching agent
- reagent
Functional uses
- Biocide
- Oxidizing agent
- pH regulating agent
Pharmacology
Chlorine is a naturally occurring halogen element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic mass 35.453. Chlorine is used in many industrial processes, as well as in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and water purification. It is characterized as a greenish-yellow gas with a pungent odor, and exposure occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or contact.
How it is made
In the chlor-alkali electrolysis process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is decomposed electrolytically by direct current, producing chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide solution. The overall reaction of the process takes place in two parts, at the anode and at the cathode. The evolution of chlorine takes place at the anode. There are three basic processes for the electrolytic production of chlorine, the nature of the cathode reaction depending on the specific process.
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These three processes are (1) the diaphragm cell process (Griesheim cell, 1885), (2) the mercury cell process (Castner-Kellner cell, 1892), and (3) the membrane cell process (1970). Each process represents a different method keeping the chlorine produced at the anode separate from the caustic soda and hydrogen produced, directly or indirectly, at the cathode.
Commercial sources: seawater, ocean derived mineral deposits, brines from lakes, wells and springs. Industrial preparation from brine in electrolytic cells.
(1) Electrolysis of sodium chloride brine in either diaphragm or mercury-cathode cells, chlorine is released at the anode. (2) Fused-salt electrolysis of sodium or magnesium chloride. (3) Electrolysis of hydrochloric acid. (4) Oxidation of hydrogen chloride with nitrogen oxide as catalyst and absorption of steam with sulfuric acid ("KeloChlor" process). No by-product caustic produced.
Regulatory status
Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance
Europe
- EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)Index no: 017-001-00-7
Health and food
- EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmeticsName: Chlorine, Ref no: 78, Annex ref: II/78
- Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels
United States
- TSCA inventory (USA)Status: Active in US commerce
HS code and trade data
Customs classification and reported world trade statistics
Global trade
World import and export statistics for the HS code Chlorine is traded under.
Chlorine
- Canada45.5%
- Mexico15.2%
- United States4.2%
- United States69.6%
- Belgium3.0%
- Philippines2.0%
The HS code shown for Chlorine is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.
Related chemicals
Parent and salt forms, stereoisomers, similar structures and isomers
Stereoisomers and isotopic forms
Same connectivity, different stereochemistry or isotopes (same InChIKey skeleton)
Frequently asked questions
Quick answers about Chlorine, based on the data on this page
What is Chlorine?
What is the CAS number of Chlorine?
What is the molecular formula and weight of Chlorine?
What is Chlorine used for?
Is Chlorine hazardous?
What is the HS code of Chlorine?
Where can I buy Chlorine?
Where can I buy Chlorine in India?
What is the price of Chlorine?
Guides for buyers
Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Chlorine
- Guide, SafetyHow to read a safety data sheet in 10 minutesA section by section method to pull the essentials out of any 16 section SDS: identity, hazards, composition, storage, PPE, properties, transport and emergency measures.Read
- Guide, Trade and logisticsShipping dangerous goods: UN numbers, classes and packing groupsHow the UN dangerous goods system works for chemicals, from the nine classes and UN numbers to packing groups, UN packaging marks, labels, documents and segregation.Read
- Guide, SafetyGHS pictograms, signal words and hazard statements explainedA practical guide to the nine GHS pictograms, the signal words Danger and Warning, H and P statements, and how to read a chemical label in seconds.Read
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