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Other active pharmaceutical ingredients

Physostigmine

Also known as Eserine, Physostol, Esromiotin

CAS 57-47-6Formula C15H21N3O2Molar mass 275.35 g/molEC 200-332-8
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Acute toxicity (severe) 46 suppliers listed Drug substance
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Physostigmine chemical structure, C15H21N3O2, CAS 57-47-6
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Orthorhombic sphenoidal prisms or clusters of leaflets from ether or benzene
Melting point
105 to 106
Solubility
SLIGHTLY SOL IN WATER, SOL IN ALC, BENZENE, CHLOROFORM, OILS
HS code
293979
Category
Other active pharmaceutical ingredients
UN number
UN 2811
Illustrative photo, drums, an IBC tote and sacks in a chemical warehouse in a warehouse
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Physostigmine?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Physostigmine is a carbamate ester and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a miotic and an antidote to curare poisoning.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
[(3aR,8bS)-3,4,8b-trimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-7-yl] N-methylcarbamate
CAS number
57-47-6 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 64-47-1
EC numbers
200-332-8, 200-585-4
Molecular formula
C15H21N3O2
UNII
9U1VM840SP
InChIKey
PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H21N3O2/c1-15-7-8-17(3)13(15)18(4)12-6-5-10(9-11(12)15)20-14(19)16-2/h5-6,9,13H,7-8H2,1-4H3,(H,16,19)/t13-,15+/m1/s1
Canonical SMILES
CNC(=O)Oc1ccc2c(c1)C1(C)CCN(C)C1N2C
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@]12CCN([C@@H]1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(=O)NC)C)C

Synonyms

  • Eserine
  • Physostol
  • Esromiotin
  • (-)-physostigmine
  • Ezerin
  • Calabarine
  • Fysostigmin
  • Erserine
  • cogmine
  • eserin
  • Eserinum
  • Eserolein, methylcarbamate (ester)
  • MCV 4484
  • NIH 10421
  • Methyl-carbamic acid, ester with eseroline
  • Carbamic acid, methyl-, ester with eseroline
  • Pyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-ol, 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS-cis)-
  • (3aS-cis)-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-Hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-ol methylcarbamate (ester)
  • (3aS,8aR)-1,3a,8-trimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,8H,8aH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl N-methylcarbamate
  • [(3aR,8bS)-3,4,8b-trimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-7-yl] N-methylcarbamate
  • ((3aR,8bS)-3,4,8b-trimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-7-yl) N-methylcarbamate
  • (3aS,8aR)-1,3a,8-trimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,8H,8aH-pyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-yl N-methylcarbamate
  • Antilirium
  • (3aS,8aR)-1,3a,8-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
  • Pyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-ol, 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS-cis)
Show all 32 synonyms
  • Eserolein, methylcarbamate
  • RCRA waste no. P204
  • physostigmin
  • (-) physostigmine
  • Eserine (TN)
  • Physostigmine (USP)
  • physostigmine.salicylic acid

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Orthorhombic sphenoidal prisms or clusters of leaflets from ether or benzeneexp.
Odour
ODORLESSexp.
Melting point
105 to 106exp.
Solubility
SLIGHTLY SOL IN WATER, SOL IN ALC, BENZENE, CHLOROFORM, OILSexp.
Vapour pressure
0.00001 [mm Hg] @25 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
275.35 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
275.1634 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
1.77calc.
Topological polar surface area
44.81 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
1calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
4calc.
Rotatable bonds
1calc.
Heavy atoms
20calc.
Rings
3calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.53calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
2calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccc2c(c1)NC1NCCC21

c1ccc2c(c1)NC1NCCC21

3 rings, 12 atoms.

69 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)

Hazard statements

  • H300Fatal if swallowed.
  • H330Fatal if inhaled.
Precautionary statements (14)
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P284In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P320Specific treatment is urgent (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2811

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Physostigmine suppliers

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All 46 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

46 suppliers in 12 countries

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Physostigmine price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Veterinary medication:.

Use classes: Pharmaceuticals.

Industries and functions

Pharmacological actions

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Miotics

Roles

  • PPAR modulator
  • agonist
  • analgesic
  • antidote
  • antidote to curare poisoning
  • antiglaucoma drug
  • enzyme inhibitor
  • hypoglycemic agent
  • insulin-sensitizing drug
  • miotic
  • neurotransmitter agent
  • ophthalmology drug
  • pharmaceutical
  • protective agent

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 614-020-00-8

Health and food

  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: Eserine or physostigmine and its salts, Ref no: 166, Annex ref: II/166
  • Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Physostigmine is traded under.

HS 2939.79Indicative HS code

Alkaloids of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, salts, esters and other derivatives, not elsewhere…

World exports in 2024
$701M
+18.9% vs 2023, imports $830M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. Switzerland * partner reported25.3%
  2. Germany21.4%
  3. India * partner reported14.9%
Top importers
  1. United States20.9%
  2. Germany14.7%
  3. Italy14.6%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Physostigmine is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Physostigmine, based on the data on this page

What is Physostigmine?

Physostigmine is a carbamate ester and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a miotic and an antidote to curare poisoning.

What is the CAS number of Physostigmine?

The CAS registry number of Physostigmine is 57-47-6. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 64-47-1.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Physostigmine?

The molecular formula of Physostigmine is C15H21N3O2 and its molar mass is 275.35 g/mol.

What is Physostigmine used for?

Veterinary medication:. Use classes: Pharmaceuticals.

Is Physostigmine hazardous?

Physostigmine carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: fatal if swallowed, fatal if inhaled. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Physostigmine?

Physostigmine is usually classified under HS code 293979 (Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Physostigmine?

CompoundList lists 46 suppliers of Physostigmine in United States, China, Spain, Germany and 8 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

What is the price of Physostigmine?

Suppliers quote Physostigmine on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Physostigmine

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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