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Alkaloids

Trigonelline

Also known as Gynesine, N-Methylnicotinate, Caffearine

CAS 535-83-1Formula C7H7NO2Molar mass 137.14 g/molEC 208-620-5
GHS signal word: Warning. Pictograms: Harmful or irritant 19 suppliers listed
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Trigonelline chemical structure, C7H7NO2, CAS 535-83-1
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
CAS number
535-83-1
Formula
C7H7NO2
Appearance
Prisms, aqueous, from alcohol + water
Melting point
218 °C
HS code
293979
Category
Alkaloids
Illustrative photo, a shrink wrapped pallet of kraft paper sacks in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Trigonelline?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

N-methylnicotinate is an iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food component and a human urinary metabolite. It is an alkaloid and an iminium betaine. It is functionally related to a nicotinate. It is a conjugate base of a N-methylnicotinic acid.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate
CAS number
535-83-1 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 6138-40-5
EC number
208-620-5
Molecular formula
C7H7NO2
UNII
3NQ9N60I00
MDL number
MFCD00054262
InChIKey
WWNNZCOKKKDOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)C(=O)[O-]

Synonyms

  • Gynesine
  • N-Methylnicotinate
  • Caffearine
  • Coffearine
  • Trigonellin
  • 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate
  • Betain nicotinate
  • Coffearin
  • Betaine nicotinate
  • 1-Methylpyridinio-3-carboxylate
  • Caffearin
  • Nicotinic acid N-methylbetaine
  • Trigenelline
  • 3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide inner salt
  • 1-methylnicotinate
  • Pyridinium, 3-carboxy-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
  • 3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide, inner salt
  • Trigenolline
  • 1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate
  • 1-Methyl-3-pyridiniumcarboxylate
  • N-methyl-nicotinate
  • N'-Methylnicotinate
  • Trigonelline (constituent of fenugreek seed)
  • 1-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid
  • Trigonelline?
Show all 33 synonyms
  • 3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium inner salt
  • N'-Methylnicotinic acid
  • Trigonelline (Standard)
  • 5-22-02-00143 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
  • N-Methylnicotinic acid betaine
  • Sdccgmls-0066739.p001
  • 3-carboxy-1-methyl-Pyridinium hydroxide
  • 1-Methyl-Nicotinic Acid Anion(Trigonelline)

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Prisms, aqueous, from alcohol + waterexp.
Melting point
218 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
137.14 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
137.0477 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
-1.13calc.
Topological polar surface area
44.01 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
2calc.
Rotatable bonds
1calc.
Heavy atoms
10calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.14calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccncc1

c1ccncc1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Pyridine ring system.

118,162 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Warning
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant

Hazard statements

  • H315Causes skin irritation.
  • H319Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements (9)
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
  • P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
  • P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Trigonelline suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 19 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

19 suppliers in 4 countries

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Trigonelline price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Biochemical research.

Roles

  • animal metabolite
  • eukaryotic metabolite
  • food component
  • human metabolite
  • human urinary metabolite
  • mammalian metabolite
  • metabolite
  • physiological role
  • plant metabolite

How it is made

Plant seeds, coffee beans, synthetically by heating nicotinic acid with methyl iodide and treatment with silver oxide

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce, Regulatory flags: Added by a premanufacture notice, significant new use rule, section 5(e) order

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Trigonelline is traded under.

HS 2939.79Indicative HS code

Alkaloids of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, salts, esters and other derivatives, not elsewhere…

World exports in 2024
$701M
+18.9% vs 2023, imports $830M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. Switzerland * partner reported25.3%
  2. Germany21.4%
  3. India * partner reported14.9%
Top importers
  1. United States20.9%
  2. Germany14.7%
  3. Italy14.6%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Trigonelline is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Trigonelline, based on the data on this page

What is Trigonelline?

N-methylnicotinate is an iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food component and a human urinary metabolite. It is an alkaloid and an iminium betaine. It is functionally related to a nicotinate.

What is the CAS number of Trigonelline?

The CAS registry number of Trigonelline is 535-83-1. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 6138-40-5.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Trigonelline?

The molecular formula of Trigonelline is C7H7NO2 and its molar mass is 137.14 g/mol.

What is Trigonelline used for?

Biochemical research.

Is Trigonelline hazardous?

Trigonelline carries the GHS signal word "Warning". Main hazards: causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Trigonelline?

Trigonelline is usually classified under HS code 293979 (Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Trigonelline?

CompoundList lists 19 suppliers of Trigonelline in China, United States, Germany and Netherlands. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

What is the price of Trigonelline?

Suppliers quote Trigonelline on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Trigonelline

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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