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Acidulants and acidity regulators

Acetic acid

Also known as ethanoic acid, Ethylic acid, Vinegar acid

CAS 64-19-7Formula C2H4O2Molar mass 60.05 g/molEC 200-580-7
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Corrosive 1107 suppliers listed Drug substance
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Acetic acid chemical structure, C2H4O2, CAS 64-19-7
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Clear, colorless liquid
Melting point
16.6 °C
Boiling point
117.9 °C
Density
1.0446 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Flash point
39 °C
HS code
291521
Category
Acidulants and acidity regulators
UN number
UN 2789
Illustrative photo, clear liquid in a volumetric flask on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Acetic acid?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Acetic acid is a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. It has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an acetate.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
acetic acid
CAS number
64-19-7 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 6993-75-5, 77671-22-8
EC numbers
200-580-7, 616-485-2
Molecular formula
C2H4O2
UNII
Q40Q9N063P
MDL number
MFCD00036152, MFCD00067265
INCI name
ACETIC ACID
InChIKey
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
CC(=O)O

Synonyms

  • ethanoic acid
  • Ethylic acid
  • Vinegar acid
  • Acetic acid glacial
  • Glacial acetic acid
  • Acetic acid, glacial
  • Methanecarboxylic acid
  • Acetasol
  • Essigsaeure
  • Acide acetique
  • Aci-jel
  • Azijnzuur
  • Aceticum acidum
  • Kyselina octova
  • Acido acetico
  • Octowy kwas
  • HOAc
  • Orlex
  • ethoic acid
  • Ethanoic acid monomer
  • Orthoacetic acid
  • Acetopyrine
  • Acopyrine
  • Ethanoat
  • Acidum aceticum glaciale
Show all 38 synonyms
  • Acidum aceticum
  • INS NO.260
  • Acetic acid 0.25% in plastic container
  • Azetat
  • CH3-COO(-)
  • Acetic acid (aqueous)
  • Earcalm
  • New CleanFlex
  • Glacial acetic acid (pure compound)
  • Glacial, Acetic Acid
  • Dyspepsia fatigue
  • Fungal nail repair
  • hydron, acetate

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Clear, colorless liquidexp.
Odour
Pungentexp.
Taste
Burning tasteexp.
Melting point
16.6 °Cexp.
Boiling point
117.9 °Cexp.
Density
1.0446 g/cm³ at 25 °Cexp.
Flash point
39 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
463 °Cexp.
Solubility
Miscible with waterexp.
Vapour pressure
15.7 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/exp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
60.05 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
60.0211 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
0.09calc.
Topological polar surface area
37.3 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
1calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
1calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
4calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.5calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS05: Corrosive
Corrosive
230NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H226Flammable liquid and vapour.
  • H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Precautionary statements (21)
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P233Keep container tightly closed.
  • P240Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
  • P241Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating and lighting equipment.
  • P242Use non-sparking tools.
  • P243Take action to prevent static discharges.
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P330 + P331If swallowed: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting.
  • P302 + P361 + P354If on skin: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Immediately rinse with water for several minutes.
  • P303 + P361 + P353If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305 + P354 + P338If in eyes: Immediately rinse with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
  • P370 + P378In case of fire: Use appropriate media to extinguish.
  • P403 + P235Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2789
Transport hazard class
8
Packing group
II

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Acetic acid suppliers

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Where suppliers are based

1107 suppliers in 73 countries

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Acetic acid price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Used as a laboratory reagent in chemical and biochemical analysis, in field testing of lead fumes, vinyl chloride determination, uric acid in urine, aniline vapors, and separation of gases. Used in miscellaneous applications for etching compounds for engraving, deliming agent during leather tanning, solvent for organic compounds, and oil well acidizer.

Used in chemical industry ... as an acidifying and neutralizing agent. Used in canning industries as an additive or flavorant for pickles, fish, meat, candy, and glazes ... used in textile and dye industries as ...

Read more

dye catalysts, textile finishing, dye after-treatment, and production of nylon and acrylic fibers.

Constituent of photographic fixing baths, hardeners, hypotest solutions, and constituent of microfilm cements.

Industrial uses: Plating agent, Chemical reaction regulator, pH regulating agent, Processing aids not otherwise specified, Monomers, Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent, Other, Lubricating agent.

Consumer uses: Other, Solvent, pH regulating agent, Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent, Monomers, Processing aids not otherwise specified, Soil amendments (fertilizers).

Use classes: Processing Aids and Additives, Safer Chemical Classes, Food additives, Herbicides, Transformation products, Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name ACETIC ACID(buffering, fragrance)

Pharmacological actions

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Indicators and Reagents

Roles

  • Bronsted acid
  • Daphnia magna metabolite
  • Daphnia metabolite
  • acid
  • additive
  • animal metabolite
  • anti-inflammatory agent
  • anti-ulcer drug
  • antimicrobial agent
  • antimicrobial food preservative
  • crustacean metabolite
  • donor
  • eukaryotic metabolite
  • food acidity regulator
  • food additive
  • food component
  • food preservative
  • metabolite
  • pharmaceutical
  • physiological role
  • polar solvent
  • protic solvent
  • solvent
  • vulnerary

Functional uses

  • Biocide
  • Chelating agent
  • Cleaning agent
  • Deodorizer
  • Flavouring and nutrient
  • Fragrance
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Solvent
  • pH regulating agent

Cosmetic functions

  • Buffering
  • Fragrance

Pharmacology

Acetic Acid is a synthetic carboxylic acid with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Although its mechanism of action is not fully known, undissociated acetic acid may enhance lipid solubility allowing increased fatty acid accumulation on the cell membrane or in other cell wall structures. Acetic acid, as a weak acid, can inhibit carbohydrate metabolism resulting in subsequent death of the organism.

How it is made

The major routes for synthetic acetic acid include methanol carbonylation, acetaldehyde oxidation, butane/naphtha oxidation, and methyl acetate carbonylation. Comparatively small amounts are generated by butane liquid-phase oxidation, direct ethanol oxidation, and synthesis gas.

Obtained in the destructive distillation of wood, from acetylene and water, via acetaldehyde by oxidation with air.

Liquid- and vapor-phase oxidation of petroleum gases (with catalyst), ... oxidation of acetaldehyde, ... reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide (with catalyst, this is the most cost efficient method and has been in general use for some years), ... fermentative oxidation of ethanol.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 607-002-00-6

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels
  • Food additive

United States

  • Safer Choice ingredient list (USA)
  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Acetic acid is traded under.

HS 2915.21Exact HS code

Acids: saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids, acetic acid

World exports in 2024
$1.47B
−4.9% vs 2023, imports $1.81B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China27.6%
  2. United States26.0%
  3. Malaysia12.9%
Top importers
  1. India * partner reported23.3%
  2. Germany11.7%
  3. Belgium9.3%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Acetic acid is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Acetic acid, based on the data on this page

What is Acetic acid?

Acetic acid is a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. It has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an acetate.

What is the CAS number of Acetic acid?

The CAS registry number of Acetic acid is 64-19-7. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 6993-75-5, 77671-22-8.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Acetic acid?

The molecular formula of Acetic acid is C2H4O2 and its molar mass is 60.05 g/mol.

What is Acetic acid used for?

Used as a laboratory reagent in chemical and biochemical analysis, in field testing of lead fumes, vinyl chloride determination, uric acid in urine, aniline vapors, and separation of gases.

Is Acetic acid hazardous?

Acetic acid carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: flammable liquid and vapour, causes severe skin burns and eye damage. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Acetic acid?

Acetic acid is usually classified under HS code 291521 (Acetic acid). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Acetic acid?

CompoundList lists 1107 suppliers of Acetic acid in India, United States, China, United Kingdom and 69 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Acetic acid in India?

314 suppliers in India list Acetic acid on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Acetic acid?

Suppliers quote Acetic acid on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Acetic acid

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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