Carbon dioxide
Also known as carbonic anhydride, carbonic acid gas, Carbonic acid anhydride
Key facts
What buyers check first
- Appearance
- Colorless gas
- Melting point
- -56.6 °C
- Boiling point
- -78.5 °C
- Density
- Absolute density, gas at 101.325 kPa at 0 °C: 1.9770 kg/m³, relative density, gas at 101…
- Flash point
- Not applicable
- HS code
- 281121
- Category
- Oxides and peroxides
- UN number
- UN 1013
What is Carbon dioxide?
Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms
Carbon dioxide is a one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an anaesthetic, a solvent, an antagonist, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a member of greenhouse gas, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite, a member of food packaging gas, a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity, a carbon oxide and a one-carbon compound.
Identifiers
Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy
- IUPAC name
- carbon dioxide
- CAS number
- 124-38-9 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 14485-07-5, 18923-20-1, 26796-46-3, 2684-00-6
- EC numbers
- 204-696-9, 686-102-1
- Molecular formula
- CO2
- UNII
- 142M471B3J
- INCI name
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- InChIKey
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
- SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
- C(=O)=O
Synonyms
- carbonic anhydride
- carbonic acid gas
- Carbonic acid anhydride
- methanedione
- Carbonica
- Kohlendioxyd
- Carbon oxide, di-
- Kohlensaure
- Khladon 744
- After-damp
- AER Fixus
- Anhydride carbonique
- Dioxido de carbono
- Dioxyde de carbone
- Carbon oxide (CO2)
- Carbon-12 dioxide
- INS NO.290
- Dioxide, Carbon
- Anhydride, Carbonic
- Dry ice (solid
- Carbon Dioxide Air
- Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen
- Carbon Dioxide Compressed
- Carbon Dioxide Air Mixture
- Carbon Dioxide Refrigerated
Show all 32 synonymsShow fewer synonyms
- Carbon dioxide, usp
- Air 90% Carbon Dioxide 10%
- Dry ice
- Cardice
- Drikold
- Dry ice (solid form)
- Carbon dioxide (13c, 18o2)
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade
| Appearance | Colorless gasexp.Measured value |
|---|---|
| Odour | Odorlessexp.Measured value |
| Taste | Faint acid tasteexp.Measured value |
| Melting point | -56.6 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Boiling point | -78.5 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Density | Absolute density, gas at 101.325 kPa at 0 °C: 1.9770 kg/m³, relative density, gas at 101.325 kPa at 0 °C (Air = 1): 1.53exp.Measured value |
| Flash point | Not applicableexp.Measured value |
| Solubility | In water, 2.9 × 10⁺³ mg/L at 25 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Vapour pressure | 10.5 mm Hg at -120 °C, 104.2 mm Hg at -100 °C, 569.1 mm Hg at -82 °Cexp.Measured value |
Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.
Computed descriptors
Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation
| Molecular weight | 44.01 g/molcalc.Computed value |
|---|---|
| Exact mass | 43.9898 Dacalc.Computed value |
| LogP (octanol/water) | -0.58calc.Computed value |
| Topological polar surface area | 34.14 Ųcalc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0calc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 2calc.Computed value |
| Rotatable bonds | 0calc.Computed value |
| Heavy atoms | 3calc.Computed value |
| Rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Aromatic rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Fraction sp3 carbons | 0calc.Computed value |
| Formal charge | 0calc.Computed value |
| Stereocentres | 0calc.Computed value |
Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.
Safety and hazards
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet
Hazard statements
- H280Contains gas under pressure, may explode if heated.
- H281Contains refrigerated gas, may cause cryogenic burns or injury.
Precautionary statements (4)
- P282Wear cold insulating gloves and either face shield or eye protection.
- P336 + P317Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. Get medical help.
- P403Store in a well-ventilated place.
- P410 + P403Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
- UN number
- UN 1013
- Transport hazard class
- 2.2
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.
Full safety data and first aidCarbon dioxide suppliers
Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings
- United States, RenoUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- United States, Gulfport ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Belgium, Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Pakistan, Karachi ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Russia, Moscow ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- Malaysia, Senai ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- China, TaizhouUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- China, Chengdu ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- India, Vadodara ManufacturerUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
- India, KhedaUnclaimed profileCarbon DioxideGrade, purity and minimum order on requestPrice on request
Suppliers marked Unclaimed profile have not claimed their profile yet. They are not verified by CompoundList, their offers are price on request and details may have changed, so please confirm them with the supplier. Company representatives can claim a profile with a business email on the company's own website domain. Our team verifies each claim and sends the result by email.
Where suppliers are based
295 suppliers in 52 countries
- United States97
- South Korea54
- India24
- China21
- Canada5
- Singapore5
- and 46 more countries
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Carbon dioxide price
Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers
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Uses and applications
What the substance is used for, by industry and function
Carbon dioxide is used as a pesticide for insect control in stored grain under modified atmospheres containing approx 60% carbon dioxide.
Rodenticide (mice and rats).
Refrigerant, processing of foods, preserving foods, crusting of food, cryogenic freezing of food, prodn of urea, sodium carbonate (Solvay process), methanol, carbonic acid, lead carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium salicylate, carbonated petroleum, hydrocarbon products, provides an inert atmosphere for fire extinguishers, refinery products, petroleum products, displacing oxygen to prevent deterioration and flavor loss, in high pressure applications, oil well stimulation, in livestock slaughtering, as fertilizer, hardening of molds for metal castings.
Industrial uses: Intermediate, Processing aids, specific to petroleum production, Propellants, non-motive (bl
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owing agents), Fixing agent (mordant), Soil amendments (fertilizers), Processing aids not otherwise specified, Chemical reaction regulator.
Consumer uses: Other, pH regulating agent, Stabilizing agent.
Use classes: Food additives, Cosmetics.
Industries and functions
Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name CARBON DIOXIDE(propellant)
Roles
- Escherichia coli metabolite
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
- additive
- anaesthetic
- analgesic
- antagonist
- anti-allergic agent
- antidepressant
- cardiovascular drug
- central nervous system drug
- food additive
- food component
- food packaging gas
- food propellant
- greenhouse gas
- human metabolite
- mouse metabolite
- pharmaceutical
- physiological role
- propellant
- psychotropic drug
- refrigerant
- solvent
- vasodilator agent
Functional uses
- Antioxidant
- Biocide
- Flavouring and nutrient
- Heat transferring agent
- Processing aids not otherwise specified
- Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents)
- Solvent
- pH regulating agent
Cosmetic functions
- Propellant
Pharmacology
Carbon dioxide is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of carbon dioxide is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.
How it is made
Much of the carbon dioxide generated in the world is a byproduct of ammonia and hydrogen production, which make much more carbon dioxide than is ever recovered. Other sources are still exploited, but these are generally less efficient, and financially less attractive.
/Carbon dioxide from ammonia: In the production of ammonia/ desulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstock (e.g., natural gas, naphtha) is carried out before catalytic steam reforming of the hydrocarbon to give a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
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Air is added and further steam reforming is effected in a gaseous mixture that then also contains nitrogen. Because only hydrogen and nitrogen are required to make ammonia, the carbon oxide is removed from the gas stream. Most of the carbon monoxide is catalytically converted to carbon dioxide, and the latter is removed by dissolution under pressure.
Carbon dioxide from flue gases. Carbon dioxide is a component of all flue gases produced by the complete combustion of carbonaceous fuels. Typical concentrations of carbon dioxide in such gases are 10 - 18 vol%. ... The flue gases, after being cooled and cleaned by passing through a water scrubber, are passed through an alkaline carbonate solution or an amine solution which absorbs carbon dioxide. Unlike carbon dioxide from an ammonia plant, the product obtained from flue gases is generally contaminated with small amounts of sulfur compounds.
Regulatory status
Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance
Health and food
- EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
- Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels
- Food additive
United States
- TSCA inventory (USA)Status: Active in US commerce
HS code and trade data
Customs classification and reported world trade statistics
Global trade
World import and export statistics for the HS code Carbon dioxide is traded under.
Carbon dioxide
- Netherlands30.8%
- United States7.7%
- Germany6.0%
- France * partner reported8.5%
- United Kingdom7.8%
- Mexico6.6%
* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.
The HS code shown for Carbon dioxide is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.
Related chemicals
Parent and salt forms, stereoisomers, similar structures and isomers
Salt and hydrate forms
Records that share this compound as their parent
Stereoisomers and isotopic forms
Same connectivity, different stereochemistry or isotopes (same InChIKey skeleton)
Similar structures
Nearest neighbours by Morgan fingerprint Tanimoto similarity
Frequently asked questions
Quick answers about Carbon dioxide, based on the data on this page
What is Carbon dioxide?
What is the CAS number of Carbon dioxide?
What is the molecular formula and weight of Carbon dioxide?
What is Carbon dioxide used for?
Is Carbon dioxide hazardous?
What is the HS code of Carbon dioxide?
Where can I buy Carbon dioxide?
Where can I buy Carbon dioxide in India?
What is the price of Carbon dioxide?
Guides for buyers
Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Carbon dioxide
- Guide, SafetyHow to read a safety data sheet in 10 minutesA section by section method to pull the essentials out of any 16 section SDS: identity, hazards, composition, storage, PPE, properties, transport and emergency measures.Read
- Guide, Trade and logisticsShipping dangerous goods: UN numbers, classes and packing groupsHow the UN dangerous goods system works for chemicals, from the nine classes and UN numbers to packing groups, UN packaging marks, labels, documents and segregation.Read
- Guide, SafetyGHS pictograms, signal words and hazard statements explainedA practical guide to the nine GHS pictograms, the signal words Danger and Warning, H and P statements, and how to read a chemical label in seconds.Read
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