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Respiratory, allergy and digestive drugs

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline, l-Adrenaline, Adrenalin

CAS 51-43-4Formula C9H13NO3Molar mass 183.21 g/molEC 200-098-7
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Acute toxicity (severe) 101 suppliers listed
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Epinephrine chemical structure, C9H13NO3, CAS 51-43-4
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Brown (in air)
Melting point
211.5 °C
Solubility
In water, 180 mg/L at 20 °C
HS code
293790
Category
Respiratory, allergy and digestive drugs
UN number
UN 2811
Illustrative photo, closed jumbo bulk bags in a warehouse in a warehouse
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Epinephrine?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. It has a role as a hormone, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent, a sympathomimetic agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a vasodilator agent, an adrenergic agonist, a mydriatic agent, a vasoconstrictor agent and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-adrenaline(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-adrenaline.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
CAS number
51-43-4 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 104655-05-2
EC number
200-098-7
Molecular formula
C9H13NO3
UNII
YKH834O4BH
MDL number
MFCD00063027
InChIKey
UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
Canonical SMILES
CNCC(O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Isomeric SMILES
CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O

Synonyms

  • adrenaline
  • l-Adrenaline
  • Adrenalin
  • Levoepinephrine
  • Nephridine
  • Epinefrina
  • Epipen
  • (-)-Adrenaline
  • Adnephrine
  • Chelafrin
  • Epinephran
  • Epirenan
  • Renoform
  • (R)-Adrenaline
  • Hypernephrin
  • Renostypticin
  • Adrenine
  • Hemisine
  • Hemostasin
  • Levorenin
  • Levorenine
  • Mucidrina
  • Nieraline
  • Paranephrin
  • Renaglandin
Show all 39 synonyms
  • Renaleptine
  • Renalina
  • Bosmin
  • Exadrin
  • Adrin
  • Vasoconstrictine
  • Bronkaid Mist
  • Primatene Mist
  • Methylarterenol
  • Adrenalinum
  • Glauposine
  • Hemostatin
  • Scurenaline
  • Styptirenal

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Brown (in air)exp.
Odour
Odorlessexp.
Melting point
211.5 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 180 mg/L at 20 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
183.21 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
183.0895 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
0.35calc.
Topological polar surface area
72.72 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
4calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
4calc.
Rotatable bonds
3calc.
Heavy atoms
13calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.33calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
1calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccccc1

c1ccccc1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Benzene ring system.

485,677 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)

Hazard statements

  • H301Toxic if swallowed.
  • H310Fatal in contact with skin.
  • H331Toxic if inhaled.
Precautionary statements (16)
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P361 + P364Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2811

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Epinephrine suppliers

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All 101 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

101 suppliers in 18 countries

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Epinephrine price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Epinephrine may be applied topically to control superficial bleeding from arterioles or capillaries in the skin, mucous membrane, or other tissues. Bleeding from larger vessels is not controllable by topical application of epinephrine.

Epinephrine has been used to relax uterine musculature and inhibit uterine contractions in premature labor, however the cardiovascular effects and other adverse effects limit the usefullness of the drug for this purpose. Some manufacturers state that epinephrine injection is contraindicated during the second stage of labor.

Drug of choice for emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other allergens.

Used in the treatment of idiopathic or exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Use classes: Pharmaceuticals.

Pharmacological actions

  • Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
  • Adrenergic beta-Agonists
  • Bronchodilator Agents
  • Mydriatics
  • Sympathomimetics
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents

Roles

  • adrenergic agonist
  • alpha-adrenergic agonist
  • analgesic
  • anti-allergic agent
  • anti-arrhythmia drug
  • anti-asthmatic agent
  • anti-inflammatory agent
  • antidepressant
  • antiglaucoma drug
  • antiinfective agent
  • antineoplastic agent
  • antispasmodic drug
  • beta-adrenergic agonist
  • bronchodilator agent
  • cardiovascular drug
  • hormone
  • hypoglycemic agent
  • mouse metabolite
  • mydriatic agent
  • nasal decongestant
  • sympathomimetic agent
  • vasoconstrictor agent
  • vasodilator agent
  • vulnerary

Functional uses

  • Pharmaceutical

Pharmacology

Epinephrine is an alpha-Adrenergic Agonist, and beta-Adrenergic Agonist, and Catecholamine. The mechanism of action of epinephrine is as an Adrenergic alpha-Agonist and Adrenergic beta-Agonist.

How it is made

Reaction of pyrocatechol with chloroacetyl chloride, followed by reaction with methylamine, catalytic redn, and separation of racemic mixt with d-tartaric acid.

Isolation from animal adrenal glands.

From the adrenal glands of sheep and cattle or syntehtically from pyrocatechol

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Health and food

  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: Epinephrine (INN), Ref no: 14, Annex ref: II/14

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Epinephrine is traded under.

HS 2937.90Indicative HS code

Derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as…

World exports in 2024
$366M
−8.6% vs 2023, imports $397M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. France * partner reported31.2%
  2. Ireland21.7%
  3. Germany12.7%
Top importers
  1. United States44.2%
  2. France * partner reported20.3%
  3. China7.9%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Epinephrine is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Epinephrine, based on the data on this page

What is Epinephrine?

(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response.

What is the CAS number of Epinephrine?

The CAS registry number of Epinephrine is 51-43-4. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 104655-05-2.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Epinephrine?

The molecular formula of Epinephrine is C9H13NO3 and its molar mass is 183.21 g/mol.

What is Epinephrine used for?

Epinephrine may be applied topically to control superficial bleeding from arterioles or capillaries in the skin, mucous membrane, or other tissues. Bleeding from larger vessels is not controllable by topical application of epinephrine.

Is Epinephrine hazardous?

Epinephrine carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: toxic if swallowed, fatal in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Epinephrine?

Epinephrine is usually classified under HS code 293790 (Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Epinephrine?

CompoundList lists 101 suppliers of Epinephrine in United States, China, India, Germany and 14 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Epinephrine in India?

17 suppliers in India list Epinephrine on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Epinephrine?

Suppliers quote Epinephrine on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Epinephrine

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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