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Refrigerants and blowing agents

Pentane

Also known as n-Pentane, Pentan, Skellysolve A

CAS 109-66-0Formula C5H12Molar mass 72.15 g/molEC 203-692-4
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Harmful or irritant, Serious health hazard, Hazardous to the environment 162 suppliers listed
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Pentane chemical structure, C5H12, CAS 109-66-0
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless liquid [Note: A gas above 97 degrees F. May be utilized as a fuel]
Melting point
-129.7 °C
Boiling point
36.1 °C
Density
0.6262 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Flash point
-40 °C
HS code
290110
Category
Refrigerants and blowing agents
UN number
UN 1265
Illustrative photo, 25 litre white jerry cans of liquid in a warehouse
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Pentane?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Pentane is a straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. It has a role as a non-polar solvent and a refrigerant. It is a volatile organic compound and an alkane.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
pentane
CAS number
109-66-0 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 102056-77-9, 107949-95-1, 9078-70-0
EC numbers
203-692-4, 926-217-9
Molecular formula
C5H12
UNII
4FEX897A91
MDL number
MFCD00009498
INCI name
PENTANE, POLYPENTENE
InChIKey
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
CCCCC

Synonyms

  • n-Pentane
  • Pentan
  • Skellysolve A
  • Pentanen
  • Pentani
  • Tetrafume
  • Tetrakil
  • Tetraspot
  • Pentanes
  • npentane
  • Normal Pentane
  • n-Pentan
  • High purity Pentane
  • 95% N-pentane
  • 99% N-pentane
  • High purity N-pentane
  • blowing agent N-pentane
  • foaming agent N-pentane
  • ACTH, formylmethionyl-
  • Butane, methyl- (9CI)
  • Pentane 109-66-0
  • syn-pentane
  • 1-ethylpropane
  • trimethylenemethane
  • n-Pentane SpS
Show all 33 synonyms
  • Pentane, p.a.
  • n-Pentane, anhydrous
  • n-Pentane, 95%
  • n-Pentane, 99%
  • Pentane, HPLC Grade
  • Pentane Fraction, purum
  • n-Pentane Blowing Agent
  • n-Pentane, HPLC Grade

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless liquid [Note: A gas above 97 degrees F. May be utilized as a fuel]exp.
Odour
Pleasantexp.
Melting point
-129.7 °Cexp.
Boiling point
36.1 °Cexp.
Density
0.6262 g/cm³ at 20 °Cexp.
Flash point
-40 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
260 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 38 mg/L at 25 °Cexp.
Vapour pressure
514 mm Hg at 25 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
72.15 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
72.0939 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
2.2calc.
Topological polar surface area
0 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
0calc.
Rotatable bonds
2calc.
Heavy atoms
5calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
1calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
GHS08: Serious health hazard
Serious health hazard
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment
410NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H225Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
  • H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
  • H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
  • H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (21)
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P233Keep container tightly closed.
  • P240Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
  • P241Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating and lighting equipment.
  • P242Use non-sparking tools.
  • P243Take action to prevent static discharges.
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P303 + P361 + P353If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
  • P331Do not induce vomiting.
  • P370 + P378In case of fire: Use appropriate media to extinguish.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P403 + P235Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 1265
Transport hazard class
3
Packing group
I

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Pentane suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 162 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

162 suppliers in 23 countries

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Pentane price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Constituent in motor and aviation fuel, in solvent extraction processes, as a general laboratory solvent, and as a medium solvent for polymerization reactions, as raw material for production of olefins and other industrial chemicals like amyl chloride. Pentane is used in the manufacture of ice and low-temperature thermometers.

Additive in automotive, aviation and farm fuels.

Artificial ice manufacture, low-temperature thermometers, solvent extraction processes, blowing agent in plastics (e.g. expandable polystyrene), pesticide.

Industrial uses: Intermediate, Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents), Soil amendments (fertilizers), Fuel agents, Fuel, Other, Swelling agent.

Consumer uses: Soil amendments (fertilizers), Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents), Intermediate, Flotation agent, Other, Swelling agent, Insulators.

Use classes: Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name PENTANE(propellant, solvent)

Roles

  • non-polar solvent
  • refrigerant
  • solvent

Functional uses

  • Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents)
  • Solvent
  • Viscosity modifier

Cosmetic functions

  • Film forming
  • Propellant
  • Solvent

How it is made

N-Pentane ... (is) present in light gasoline fractions and can be recovered ... by superfractionation, possibly in combination with molecular sieve separation.

Fractional distillation from petroleum, purified by rectification.

Separation from natural gasoline, ... from virgin naphthas. ... Prepared by dehydration and subsequent hydrogenation of 2- and 3-pentanol, ... from 2-bromopentane by Grignard reaction.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 601-006-00-1

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: Alkanes, C4-5, if they contain > 0.1% w/w Butadiene, Ref no: 485, Annex ref: II/485

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Pentane is traded under.

HS 2901.10Indicative HS code

Saturated

World exports in 2024
$8.47B
+23.9% vs 2023, imports $7.66B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. United States79.8%
  2. Canada10.1%
  3. Germany1.4%
Top importers
  1. China34.6%
  2. United States12.2%
  3. Sweden5.0%
Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Pentane is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Pentane, based on the data on this page

What is Pentane?

Pentane is a straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. It has a role as a non-polar solvent and a refrigerant. It is a volatile organic compound and an alkane.

What is the CAS number of Pentane?

The CAS registry number of Pentane is 109-66-0. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 102056-77-9, 107949-95-1, 9078-70-0.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Pentane?

The molecular formula of Pentane is C5H12 and its molar mass is 72.15 g/mol.

What is Pentane used for?

Constituent in motor and aviation fuel, in solvent extraction processes, as a general laboratory solvent, and as a medium solvent for polymerization reactions, as raw material for production of olefins and other industrial chemicals like amyl chloride.

Is Pentane hazardous?

Pentane carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: highly flammable liquid and vapour, may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, may cause drowsiness or dizziness. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Pentane?

Pentane is usually classified under HS code 290110 (Saturated). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Pentane?

CompoundList lists 162 suppliers of Pentane in United States, China, India, Germany and 19 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Pentane in India?

24 suppliers in India list Pentane on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Pentane?

Suppliers quote Pentane on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Pentane

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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