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Polar aprotic solvents

Propionitrile

Also known as Propanenitrile, Ethyl cyanide, Propiononitrile

CAS 107-12-0Formula C3H5NMolar mass 55.08 g/molEC 203-464-4
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Acute toxicity (severe), Harmful or irritant 12 suppliers listed
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Propionitrile chemical structure, C3H5N, CAS 107-12-0
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless liquid
Melting point
-91.8 °C
Boiling point
97.2 °C
Density
SP GR: 0.7818 @ 20 °C/4 °C
Flash point
2 °C
HS code
292690
Category
Polar aprotic solvents
UN number
UN 2404
Illustrative photo, clear liquid in sealed glass ampoules on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Propionitrile?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Propionitrile is a nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is a volatile organic compound and an aliphatic nitrile.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
propanenitrile
CAS number
107-12-0 CAS number cross-checked
EC numbers
203-464-4, 268-599-3
Molecular formula
C3H5N
UNII
E16N05FX3S
MDL number
MFCD00001948
InChIKey
FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H5N/c1-2-3-4/h2H2,1H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
CCC#N

Synonyms

  • Propanenitrile
  • Ethyl cyanide
  • Propiononitrile
  • Cyanoethane
  • Propionic nitrile
  • Propylnitrile
  • Ether cyanatus
  • Hydrocyanic ether
  • Propannitril
  • Ethylkyanid
  • RCRA waste number P101
  • n-Propanenitrile
  • EtCN
  • CH3CHCN
  • Propionitril
  • RCRA waste no. P101
  • propanonitrile
  • proprionitrile
  • Propionitrile, 99%
  • 4-02-00-00728 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
  • Propionitrile, analytical standard
  • UN 2404
  • Propionitrile, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
  • Propionitrile 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
  • Propionitrile [UN2404] [Flammable liquid]

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless liquidexp.
Odour
Pleasant, sweetish, ethereal odor.exp.
Melting point
-91.8 °Cexp.
Boiling point
97.2 °Cexp.
Density
SP GR: 0.7818 @ 20 °C/4 °Cexp.
Flash point
2 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
510 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 1.03 × 10⁺⁵ mg/l @ 25 °C.exp.
Vapour pressure
40 mm Hg @ 22 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
55.08 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
55.0422 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
0.92calc.
Topological polar surface area
23.79 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
1calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
4calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.67calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
341NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H225Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
  • H300 + H310Fatal if swallowed. Fatal in contact with skin.
  • H300Fatal if swallowed.
  • H310Fatal in contact with skin.
  • H319Causes serious eye irritation.
  • H331Toxic if inhaled.
  • H332Harmful if inhaled.
  • H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (30)
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P233Keep container tightly closed.
  • P240Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
  • P241Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating and lighting equipment.
  • P242Use non-sparking tools.
  • P243Take action to prevent static discharges.
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P303 + P361 + P353If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P317Get medical help.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
  • P361 + P364Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P370 + P378In case of fire: Use appropriate media to extinguish.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P403 + P235Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2404
Transport hazard class
3
Packing group
II

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Propionitrile suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 12 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

12 suppliers in 4 countries

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Propionitrile price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Chemical intermediate for di-n-propylamine.

Solvent, dielectric fluid, intermediate.

Experimental use: ulcerogen.

Used as a solvent in petroleum refining, and as a raw material for drug manufacture.

Used to manufacture cyanoactetates by oxidation of propionitrile.

Industrial uses: Intermediate.

Roles

  • aprotic solvent
  • polar aprotic solvent
  • polar solvent
  • solvent

How it is made

Product formation during the electro-reduction of acrylonitrile to form adiponitrile.

May be prepared by dehydration of propionamide (or propionic acid + ammonia) or by distilling ethyl sulfate & concentrated aq potassium cyanide

Hydrogenation of acrylonitrile is carried out with the use of copper, rhodium, or nickel catalysts.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Propionitrile is traded under.

HS 2926.90Indicative HS code

Nitrile-function compounds, other

World exports in 2024
$2.15B
−13.5% vs 2023, imports $2.17B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China35.6%
  2. France * partner reported12.7%
  3. India * partner reported11.2%
Top importers
  1. United States13.6%
  2. China12.4%
  3. Brazil11.9%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Propionitrile is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Propionitrile, based on the data on this page

What is Propionitrile?

Propionitrile is a nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent. It is a volatile organic compound and an aliphatic nitrile.

What is the CAS number of Propionitrile?

The CAS registry number of Propionitrile is 107-12-0.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Propionitrile?

The molecular formula of Propionitrile is C3H5N and its molar mass is 55.08 g/mol.

What is Propionitrile used for?

Chemical intermediate for di-n-propylamine. Solvent, dielectric fluid, intermediate. Experimental use: ulcerogen. Used as a solvent in petroleum refining, and as a raw material for drug manufacture. Used to manufacture cyanoactetates by oxidation of propionitrile. Industrial uses: Intermediate.

Is Propionitrile hazardous?

Propionitrile carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: highly flammable liquid and vapour, fatal if swallowed. fatal in contact with skin, fatal if swallowed. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Propionitrile?

Propionitrile is usually classified under HS code 292690 (Nitrile-function compounds, other). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Propionitrile?

CompoundList lists 12 suppliers of Propionitrile in China, United States, Canada and India. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Propionitrile in India?

1 supplier in India list Propionitrile on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Propionitrile?

Suppliers quote Propionitrile on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Propionitrile

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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