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Food antioxidants

Propyl gallate

Also known as Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, N-Propyl gallate, Progallin P

CAS 121-79-9Formula C10H12O5Molar mass 212.20 g/molEC 204-498-2
GHS signal word: Warning. Pictograms: Harmful or irritant, Hazardous to the environment 110 suppliers listed
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Propyl gallate chemical structure, C10H12O5, CAS 121-79-9
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
White to creamy-white crystalline powder
Melting point
147 to 149
Boiling point
Decomposes
Density
1.21
Flash point
187 °C
HS code
291829
Category
Food antioxidants
Illustrative photo, off-white powder in an open kraft paper sack in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Propyl gallate?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

N-propyl gallate is a trihydroxybenzoic acid.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
CAS number
121-79-9 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 56274-95-4
EC number
204-498-2
Molecular formula
C10H12O5
UNII
8D4SNN7V92
MDL number
MFCD00002196
INCI name
PROPYL GALLATE
InChIKey
ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H12O5/c1-2-3-15-10(14)6-4-7(11)9(13)8(12)5-6/h4-5,11-13H,2-3H2,1H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O

Synonyms

  • Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • N-Propyl gallate
  • Progallin P
  • Gallic acid, propyl ester
  • Tenox PG
  • Nipagallin P
  • Gallic acid propyl ester
  • NIPA 49
  • Propylester kyseliny gallove
  • Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester
  • n-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate
  • Gallate, Propyl
  • n-Propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
  • Nipanox S 1
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
  • Propyl gallate (e 310)
  • INS NO.310
  • Anhydrous propyl gallate (e 310)
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, n-propyl ester
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
  • Gallic acid n-propyl ester
  • Propyl gallate (NF)
  • Gallic acid-propyl ester
Show all 36 synonyms
  • n-Propyl-3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate
  • Propyl gallate (Standard)
  • Gallic acid, n-propyl ester
  • Pro gallin P
  • Propylgallate
  • propyl-gallate
  • Propyl galiate
  • n-propyl-gallate
  • Sustane PG
  • Propyl gallate, powder
  • Propyl gallate, 98%

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
White to creamy-white crystalline powderexp.
Odour
Odorlessexp.
Taste
Slightly bitter tasteexp.
Melting point
147 to 149exp.
Boiling point
Decomposesexp.
Density
1.21exp.
Flash point
187 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 3490 mg/L at 25 deg, 2790 mg/L at 20 °C, 3790 mg/L at 30 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
212.20 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
212.0685 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
1.37calc.
Topological polar surface area
86.99 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
3calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
5calc.
Rotatable bonds
3calc.
Heavy atoms
15calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.3calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccccc1

c1ccccc1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Benzene ring system.

485,677 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Warning
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment

Hazard statements

  • H302Harmful if swallowed.
  • H317May cause an allergic skin reaction.
  • H400Very toxic to aquatic life.
  • H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (14)
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P317If swallowed: Get medical help.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P333 + P317If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
  • P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Propyl gallate suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 110 suppliers
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Suppliers marked Unclaimed profile have not claimed their profile yet. They are not verified by CompoundList, their offers are price on request and details may have changed, so please confirm them with the supplier. Company representatives can claim a profile with a business email on the company's own website domain. Our team verifies each claim and sends the result by email.

Where suppliers are based

110 suppliers in 18 countries

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Propyl gallate price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Reported uses (ppm):

Table: Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994) [Table#1691].

It is used as an antioxidant for foods and cosmetics, especially fats, oils, emulsions, and waxes. It is also used in transformer oils and as a stabilizer for synthetic vitamin A.

Reactive peroxides in povidone often lead to degradation of oxidation-labile drugs. ... The antioxidants ascorbic acid, propyl gallate, and sodium sulfite reduced the peroxide concentration in povidone...

Synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PG), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ).

Use classes: Food additives, Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name PROPYL GALLATE(antioxidant, perfuming)

Pharmacological actions

  • Antioxidants

Functional uses

  • Antioxidant
  • Flavouring and nutrient
  • Fragrance

Cosmetic functions

  • Antioxidant
  • Perfuming

How it is made

Propyl gallate is manufactured via a reaction of n-propanol with 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid.

Produced commercially by the esterification of gallic acid with propyl alcohol followed by distillation to remove the excess alcohol.

Reaction of n-propyl alcohol with 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 607-198-00-3

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • Food additive

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Propyl gallate is traded under.

HS 2918.29Indicative HS code

Carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides…

World exports in 2024
$861M
+0.9% vs 2023, imports $892M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China30.5%
  2. South Korea18.3%
  3. Switzerland * partner reported13.3%
Top importers
  1. United States14.7%
  2. Germany13.3%
  3. Japan10.3%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Propyl gallate is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Propyl gallate, based on the data on this page

What is Propyl gallate?

N-propyl gallate is a trihydroxybenzoic acid.

What is the CAS number of Propyl gallate?

The CAS registry number of Propyl gallate is 121-79-9. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 56274-95-4.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Propyl gallate?

The molecular formula of Propyl gallate is C10H12O5 and its molar mass is 212.20 g/mol.

What is Propyl gallate used for?

Reported uses (ppm): Table: Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994) [Table#1691]. It is used as an antioxidant for foods and cosmetics, especially fats, oils, emulsions, and waxes. It is also used in transformer oils and as a stabilizer for synthetic vitamin A.

Is Propyl gallate hazardous?

Propyl gallate carries the GHS signal word "Warning". Main hazards: harmful if swallowed, may cause an allergic skin reaction, very toxic to aquatic life. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Propyl gallate?

Propyl gallate is usually classified under HS code 291829 (Carboxylic acids with phenol function but without other oxygen function, their…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Propyl gallate?

CompoundList lists 110 suppliers of Propyl gallate in China, United States, India, Germany and 14 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Propyl gallate in India?

12 suppliers in India list Propyl gallate on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Propyl gallate?

Suppliers quote Propyl gallate on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Propyl gallate

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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