Molecular formula
C20H25N5O2
226 compounds have this formula on CompoundList.
- Molar mass
- 367.45g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 378.2699Da
- Atoms
- 52
- Elements
- 4
- Rings plus double bonds
- 11
The formula C20H25N5O2 describes a molecule made of 20 carbon atoms, 25 hydrogen atoms, 5 nitrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. It is written in Hill notation: carbon first, then hydrogen, then the other elements in alphabetical order. The formula tells you which atoms are present, not how they are connected, which is why several different chemicals can share it.
Elemental composition
- C Carbon × 2065.37%12.011 × 20 = 240.220 g/mol
- H Hydrogen × 256.86%1.008 × 25 = 25.200 g/mol
- N Nitrogen × 519.06%14.007 × 5 = 70.035 g/mol
- O Oxygen × 28.71%15.999 × 2 = 31.998 g/mol
Look up another formula
Compounds with the formula C20H25N5O2
Isomers we list, best known first. Open one to see its structure, properties, safety data and suppliers.
Showing 1 to 100 of 226 compounds
3,4-Dehydrocilostazol
CAS 73963-62-9C20H25N5O2
![4-{6-[4-(3-Methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}morpholine chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 902568-27-8](/s/QWUBGOUFWPBASE-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
4-{6-[4-(3-Methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}morpholine
CAS 902568-27-8C20H25N5O2
8-(3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-7-isopentyl-3-methyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione
CAS 674332-41-3C20H25N5O2
8-Azepan-1-yl-3-methyl-7-phenethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
CAS 313380-56-2C20H25N5O2
![8-[[Benzyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)purine-2,6-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 797028-22-9](/s/SJTVOXDEKRNXOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
8-[[Benzyl(methyl)amino]methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)purine-2,6-dione
CAS 797028-22-9C20H25N5O2
7-Benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-8-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
CAS 302785-87-1C20H25N5O2
8-Azepan-1-yl-3-methyl-7-(4-methyl-benzyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
CAS 303969-85-9C20H25N5O2
![2-Amino-N-butan-2-yl-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinoxaline-3-carboxamide chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 840486-02-4](/s/DNZJXEJASNLKKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
2-Amino-N-butan-2-yl-1-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinoxaline-3-carboxamide
CAS 840486-02-4C20H25N5O2
![3-Methyl-7-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-8-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)purine-2,6-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 672330-52-8](/s/YPZKFRFSXKJAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
3-Methyl-7-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-8-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)purine-2,6-dione
CAS 672330-52-8C20H25N5O2
![1-Methyl-9-phenethyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 862246-34-2](/s/WLBJZYHLTVGQKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
1-Methyl-9-phenethyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS 862246-34-2C20H25N5O2
1,3-Dimethyl-7-(4-ME-benzyl)-8-(1-piperidinyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS 332904-78-6C20H25N5O2
![N'-[(E)-{[(2,6-Dimethylanilino)carbonyl]amino}(methylamino)methylidene]-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)urea chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 866043-53-0](/s/GKIUUVWTTVWLII-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
N'-[(E)-{[(2,6-Dimethylanilino)carbonyl]amino}(methylamino)methylidene]-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)urea
CAS 866043-53-0C20H25N5O2
![9-Benzyl-1,7-dimethyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 876151-80-3](/s/SSYXTPXVWZWGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
9-Benzyl-1,7-dimethyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS 876151-80-3C20H25N5O2
![9-Benzyl-3-butyl-1-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 850801-07-9](/s/QURGRNBXFUCHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
9-Benzyl-3-butyl-1-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
CAS 850801-07-9C20H25N5O2
7-Benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione
CAS 573697-62-8C20H25N5O2
![3-Ethyl-1,7-dimethyl-9-(2-phenylethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 896065-97-7](/s/GMOUXONDTOYBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
3-Ethyl-1,7-dimethyl-9-(2-phenylethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS 896065-97-7C20H25N5O2
![Methyl 4-{[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl]amino}-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-7-carboxylate chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 1448723-60-1](/s/SIBCJMZHJZDUNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
Methyl 4-{[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl]amino}-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-7-carboxylate
CAS 1448723-60-1C20H25N5O2
![9-Benzyl-3-isobutyl-1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 850826-22-1](/s/SPXWQGBUBCCOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
9-Benzyl-3-isobutyl-1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS 850826-22-1C20H25N5O2
![4-{6-[4-(4-Methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}morpholine chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 898406-71-8](/s/AMKMDRWVSHOUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
4-{6-[4-(4-Methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}morpholine
CAS 898406-71-8C20H25N5O2
(4-(6-Morpholinopyridazin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(o-tolyl)methanone
CAS 898435-06-8C20H25N5O2
![N-[1-Methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]furan-2-carboxamide chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 900290-53-1](/s/YWOLCQNHQFUPMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
N-[1-Methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]furan-2-carboxamide
CAS 900290-53-1C20H25N5O2
N9-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-N4,N4-dimethyl-1-nitro-4,9-acridinediamine
CAS 116374-67-5C20H25N5O2
1-(Indolin-1-yl)-2-(5-methyl-3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
CAS 1171872-40-4C20H25N5O2
![4-(tert-Butyl)-N-(1-(tert-butyl)-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-yl)benzamide chemical structure, C20H25N5O2, CAS 899945-12-1](/s/XAENQJCEFGWJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
4-(tert-Butyl)-N-(1-(tert-butyl)-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-yl)benzamide
CAS 899945-12-1C20H25N5O2
- N1-(3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)-N2-(pyridin-3-yl)oxalamide1251710-37-8C20H25N5O2
- 1-(4-(6-Morpholinopyridazin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylethanone898437-71-3C20H25N5O2
- N-(2-(5-Benzyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)ethyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide922055-48-9C20H25N5O2
- N-(2-(5-(2-Methylbenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)ethyl)pivalamide922117-02-0C20H25N5O2
- N-{[4-Methyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(phenylformamido)acetamide1797249-18-3C20H25N5O2
- 8-(Cyclohexylamino)-3-methyl-7-(3-methylbenzyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione377053-33-3C20H25N5O2
- 1,3-Dimethyl-7-(3-phenylpropyl)-8-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione361174-90-5C20H25N5O2
- 1,3-Dimethyl-7-(3-methylbenzyl)-8-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione359901-55-6C20H25N5O2
- 8-(Cyclopentylamino)-3-methyl-7-(3-phenylpropyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione578749-25-4C20H25N5O2
- 3-Methyl-7-(3-phenylpropyl)-8-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione300834-75-7C20H25N5O2
- 1-Benzyl-3,7-dimethyl-8-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione300586-08-7C20H25N5O2
- 1,3-Dimethyl-8-{[4-benzylpiperidyl]methyl}-1,3,7-trihydropurine-2,6-dione938802-76-7C20H25N5O2
- 7-Benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-8-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione797028-26-3C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-3-pentyl-9-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione848917-25-9C20H25N5O2
- 1,7-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-9-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione848730-49-4C20H25N5O2
- 8-Azepan-1-yl-3-methyl-7-(3-methyl-benzyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione303973-22-0C20H25N5O2
- 2-(4-(3-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol903207-02-3C20H25N5O2
- 1,7-Dimethyl-9-(4-methylphenyl)-3-propyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione845630-46-8C20H25N5O2
- 9-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-3-ethyl-1,7-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione845800-65-9C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)-9-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione332400-73-4C20H25N5O2
- 8-(Azepan-1-yl)-7-benzyl-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione332905-34-7C20H25N5O2
- 1-Allyl-2-amino-N-(3-isopropoxypropyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline-3-carboxamide848917-57-7C20H25N5O2
- 1,7-Dimethyl-9-(2-methylphenyl)-3-propyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione876901-18-7C20H25N5O2
- 8-(Cyclohexylamino)-3-methyl-7-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]purine-2,6-dione878420-77-0C20H25N5O2
- 1,7-Dimethyl-9-(3-methylphenyl)-3-propyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione847338-15-2C20H25N5O2
- 4-Methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-7,8-dihydropurino[7,8-a]imidazole-1,3-dione899411-83-7C20H25N5O2
- 3-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine902336-45-2C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-1,7-dimethyl-9-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione846584-52-9C20H25N5O2
- 8-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,5-trihydroimidazolidino [1,2-h]purine-2,4-dione938841-16-8C20H25N5O2
- 3-Methyl-7-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-8-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)purine-2,6-dione672935-44-3C20H25N5O2
- 6-(4-Ethylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)-7,8-dihydropurino[7,8-a]imidazole-1,3-dione872840-65-8C20H25N5O2
- 3-Hexyl-1-methyl-8-phenyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione872838-88-5C20H25N5O2
- 9-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione844450-85-7C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-8-(4-ethylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione872840-44-3C20H25N5O2
- 3-Ethyl-9-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,7-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione848726-87-4C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-1-methyl-9-(4-methylphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione847177-58-6C20H25N5O2
- 9-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione844851-28-1C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)-8-(3-methylphenyl)-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione893946-89-9C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-9-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione845649-99-2C20H25N5O2
- 4-Anilino-2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazino]-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinazolinone925010-07-7C20H25N5O2
- 9-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione922453-28-9C20H25N5O2
- 9-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-3-ethyl-1,7-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione847858-93-9C20H25N5O2
- 3,7-Dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-8-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione919020-20-5C20H25N5O2
- 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine950300-90-0C20H25N5O2
- 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine950391-87-4C20H25N5O2
- 2-(4-(2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol1015598-76-1C20H25N5O2
- N-{3-Methoxy-4-[(3-methylbenzyl)oxy]benzyl}-2-propyl-2H-tetrazol-5-amine1092307-35-1C20H25N5O2
- Jak-IN-242042629-43-4C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-3-pentyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione330818-16-1C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-8-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione872843-16-8C20H25N5O2
- 9-(4-Ethylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione847340-41-4C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-1-methyl-9-(3-methylphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione848059-47-2C20H25N5O2
- 9-(4-Butylphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione893956-78-0C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-9-(2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione877617-10-2C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-9-(3-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione848207-73-8C20H25N5O2
- 1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole878994-80-0C20H25N5O2
- 3-Methyl-8-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-7-phenethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione919017-74-6C20H25N5O2
- 3-Methyl-7-(4-methylbenzyl)-8-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione919017-77-9C20H25N5O2
- 3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole929855-59-4C20H25N5O2
- N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(4-((1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetamide1172807-09-8C20H25N5O2
- (E)-3-(Furan-2-yl)-1-(4-(6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one1211936-82-1C20H25N5O2
- 1-(4-(((6-Amino-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one1415822-03-5C20H25N5O2
- 2(3H)-Benzoxazolone, 3-methyl-6-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-124674-05-1C20H25N5O2
- 1-Butyl-2-imino-N~3~-isobutyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-2H-dipyrido[1,2-a:2,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide845990-41-2C20H25N5O2
- 3-Butyl-1-methyl-9-(2-methylphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-purino[7,8-a]pyrimidine-2,4-dione877617-08-8C20H25N5O2
- 1-Methyl-8-(3-methylphenyl)-3-pentyl-1H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H-imidazo[1,2-g]purine-2,4-dione872840-07-8C20H25N5O2
- 2-(1-(tert-Butyl)-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-yl)-N-mesitylacetamide863447-71-6C20H25N5O2
- N-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-2-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]propanamide924037-53-6C20H25N5O2
- 1-Benzyl-3,7-dimethyl-8-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione919020-36-3C20H25N5O2
- N-{3-Methoxy-4-[(2-methylbenzyl)oxy]benzyl}-2-propyl-2H-tetrazol-5-amine1092307-41-9C20H25N5O2
- N-Cyano-N''-[6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)hexyl]-N'-pyridin-4-ylguanidine200484-12-4C20H25N5O2
- 3,4-Dehydro cilostazol-d111073608-13-5C20H25N5O2
- N-Cyclohexyl-2-(4-oxo-1-propyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-5(4H)-yl)acetamide1260999-87-8C20H25N5O2
- 2-{2-Oxo-2-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazino]ethyl}-2,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-3H-cyclohepta[c]pyridazin-3-one1282142-36-2C20H25N5O2
- 3-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-N-[2-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl]propanamide1435977-09-5C20H25N5O2
- 3-[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl]propanamide1435908-73-8C20H25N5O2
Frequently asked questions
What is the molar mass of C20H25N5O2?
The molar mass of C20H25N5O2 is 367.45 g/mol, calculated from standard atomic weights for 20 carbon atoms, 25 hydrogen atoms, 5 nitrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. The monoisotopic mass is 378.2699 Da.
How many compounds have the formula C20H25N5O2?
CompoundList lists 226 compounds with the molecular formula C20H25N5O2, including 3,4-Dehydrocilostazol, 4-{6-[4-(3-Methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}morpholine, 8-(3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-7-isopentyl-3-methyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione. Compounds that share a formula are isomers. They contain the same atoms arranged differently, so their properties, uses and prices can be very different.
What is the degree of unsaturation of C20H25N5O2?
C20H25N5O2 has a degree of unsaturation of 11. That is the total number of rings and pi bonds (a double bond counts as one, a triple bond as two) in any structure with this formula.