Ammonia

/Ammonia/ is used in the production of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate for fertilizers, and in the manufacture of nitric acid, soda, synthetic urea, synthetic fibers, dyes, and plastics.

Fertilizer, corrosion inhibitor, purification of water supplies, component of household cleaners, as refrigerant. Manufacture of nitric acid, explosives, synthetic fibers. In pulp and paper, metallurgy, rubber, food and beverage, textile and leather industries.

Preharvest cotton defoliant (Former).

For the purposes of this card, ammonia refers to solutions that are 50% ammonia or greater, ammonia anhydrous, and ammonia anhydrous liquified, unless otherwise specified.Ammonia is a toxic gas or liquid that, when concentrated, is corrosive to tissues upon contact. Exposure to ammonia in sufficient quantities can be fatal.

Ammonia is an inorganic compound composed of a single nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms that is an amidase inhibitor and neurotoxin. It is both manufactured and produced naturally from bacterial processes and the breakdown of organic matter. Ammonia is used in many industrial processes, and as a fertilizer and refrigerant. It is characterized as a colorless gas or compressed liquid with a pungent odor and exposure occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or contact.

Ammonia is produced as a by-product in coal distillation and by the action of steam on calcium cyanamide, and from the decomposition of nitrogenous materials.

Ammonia is manufactured primarily by a modified Haber reduction process using atmospheric nitrogen and a hydrogen source, for example, methane, ethylene or naphtha, at high temperatures (400 to 6500 °C) and pressures (100 to 900 atm) in the presence of an iron catalyst.

From synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen (from air) obtained by steam reforming or by partial combustion of natural gas (U.S.). or from the action of steam on hot coke (Haber-Bosch process).