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Nitriles, nitro and azo compounds

Hydroxyacetonitrile

Also known as Glycolonitrile, 2-Hydroxyacetonitrile, Cyanomethanol

CAS 107-16-4Formula C2H3NOMolar mass 57.05 g/molEC 203-469-1
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Acute toxicity (severe) 5 suppliers listed
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Hydroxyacetonitrile chemical structure, C2H3NO, CAS 107-16-4
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless, water-white, oily liquid
Melting point
<-72
Boiling point
183 °C
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 1.1
Flash point
>93.3
HS code
292690
Category
Nitriles, nitro and azo compounds
UN number
UN 2810
Illustrative photo, clear colourless liquid in a glass reagent bottle on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Hydroxyacetonitrile?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Glycolonitrile is an cyanohydrin that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
2-hydroxyacetonitrile
CAS number
107-16-4 CAS number cross-checked
EC number
203-469-1
Molecular formula
C2H3NO
UNII
ZCI474BE63
MDL number
MFCD00042731
InChIKey
LTYRAPJYLUPLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H3NO/c3-1-2-4/h4H,2H2
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
C(C#N)O

Synonyms

  • Glycolonitrile
  • 2-Hydroxyacetonitrile
  • Cyanomethanol
  • Glycolic nitrile
  • Formaldehyde cyanohydrin
  • Glyconitrile
  • Glycollonitrile
  • 2-Hydroxyethanenitrile
  • Hydroxymethylnitrile
  • Hydroxyactonitrile
  • Acetonitrile, hydroxy-
  • Glykolonitril
  • Methylene cyanohydrin
  • USAF A-8565
  • Hydroxymethylkyanid
  • Hydroxyazetonitril
  • alpha-Hydroxymethylcyanide
  • Acetonitrile, 2-hydroxy-
  • Formaldehyde, cyanohydrin
  • Hydroxymethyl cyanide
  • cyanohydrin formaldehyde
  • alpha-Hydroxyacetonitrile
  • HOCH2CN
  • hydroxyl-acetonitrile
  • Formaldehyde Cyanhydrin
Show all 30 synonyms
  • 4-03-00-00598 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
  • GLYCOLONITRILE in 50% Water
  • Glycolonitrile, 55 wt. % in H2O
  • Glycolonitrile (Solution in Water) (Stabilized with H2SO4) >90%
  • Glycolonitrile (ca. 52% in Water, ca. 9.7mol/L) (stabilized with H2SO4)

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless, water-white, oily liquidexp.
Odour
Odorlessexp.
Taste
SWEETISH TASTEexp.
Melting point
<-72exp.
Boiling point
183 °Cexp.
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 1.1exp.
Flash point
>93.3exp.
Solubility
Very soluble in water, ethanol, and ethyl ether, insoluble in benzene.exp.
Vapour pressure
1 MM HG @ 63 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
57.05 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
57.0215 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
-0.5calc.
Topological polar surface area
44.02 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
1calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
2calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
4calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.5calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)

Hazard statements

  • H300Fatal if swallowed.
  • H310Fatal in contact with skin.
  • H330Fatal if inhaled.
Precautionary statements (18)
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P284In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P320Specific treatment is urgent (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P361 + P364Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2810
Transport hazard class
6.1
Packing group
II

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Hydroxyacetonitrile suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 5 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

5 suppliers in 3 countries

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Hydroxyacetonitrile price

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Manufacture of intermediates in pharmaceutical production & as component of synthetic resins.

Solvent and organic intermediate.

Industrial uses: Intermediate.

How it is made

Reaction of formaldehyde and aqueous sodium cyanide in the presence of mineral acid

Formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.

Formed in 79.5% yield when 37% formaldehyde is mixed with a stoichiometric amount of aqueous hydrogen cyanide for 1 hr at 2 °C in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Hydroxyacetonitrile is traded under.

HS 2926.90Indicative HS code

Nitrile-function compounds, other

World exports in 2024
$2.15B
−13.5% vs 2023, imports $2.17B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China35.6%
  2. France * partner reported12.7%
  3. India * partner reported11.2%
Top importers
  1. United States13.6%
  2. China12.4%
  3. Brazil11.9%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Hydroxyacetonitrile is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Hydroxyacetonitrile, based on the data on this page

What is Hydroxyacetonitrile?

Glycolonitrile is an cyanohydrin that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.

What is the CAS number of Hydroxyacetonitrile?

The CAS registry number of Hydroxyacetonitrile is 107-16-4.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Hydroxyacetonitrile?

The molecular formula of Hydroxyacetonitrile is C2H3NO and its molar mass is 57.05 g/mol.

What is Hydroxyacetonitrile used for?

Manufacture of intermediates in pharmaceutical production & as component of synthetic resins. Solvent and organic intermediate. Industrial uses: Intermediate.

Is Hydroxyacetonitrile hazardous?

Hydroxyacetonitrile carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: fatal if swallowed, fatal in contact with skin, fatal if inhaled. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Hydroxyacetonitrile?

Hydroxyacetonitrile is usually classified under HS code 292690 (Nitrile-function compounds, other). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Hydroxyacetonitrile?

CompoundList lists 5 suppliers of Hydroxyacetonitrile in China, United States and India. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Hydroxyacetonitrile in India?

1 supplier in India list Hydroxyacetonitrile on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Hydroxyacetonitrile?

Suppliers quote Hydroxyacetonitrile on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Hydroxyacetonitrile

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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