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Refrigerants and blowing agents

Isobutane

Also known as 2-Methylpropane, Trimethylmethane, 1,1-Dimethylethane

CAS 75-28-5Formula C4H10Molar mass 58.12 g/molEC 200-857-2
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Gas under pressure 131 suppliers listed
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Isobutane chemical structure, C4H10, CAS 75-28-5
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas. A liquid below 11 °F]
Melting point
-138.3 °C
Boiling point
-11.7 °C
Density
0.55092 g/cm³ at 25 °C, 0.55711 g/cm³ at 20 °C, 0.61415 at -29.5 °C
Flash point
-83 °C
HS code
290110
Category
Refrigerants and blowing agents
UN number
UN 1969
Illustrative photo, a bundle of gas cylinders on a manifold in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Isobutane?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Isobutane is an alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity and an alkane.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
2-methylpropane
CAS number
75-28-5 CAS number cross-checked
EC number
200-857-2
Molecular formula
C4H10
UNII
BXR49TP611
MDL number
MFCD00008926
INCI name
ISOBUTANE
InChIKey
NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C4H10/c1-4(2)3/h4H,1-3H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
CC(C)C

Synonyms

  • 2-Methylpropane
  • Trimethylmethane
  • 1,1-Dimethylethane
  • iso-butane
  • R 600a
  • R-600a
  • (CH3)2CH-CH3
  • Isobutane (II)
  • Isobutane (mart.)
  • Propane, 2-methyl
  • Propane, 2-methyl-
  • Isobutane (NF)
  • 2-Methyl-d3-propane-1,1,1,3,3,3-d6
  • dimethylethane
  • Methylpropane
  • iso butane
  • tert-Butane
  • i-Butane
  • MEB
  • H-tBu
  • iso-C4H10
  • 2-Methylpropane, 99%
  • 2-Methylpropane, puriss.
  • 2-Methylpropane, 99.995%
  • Pregabalin Impurity 155, Isobutane
Show all 26 synonyms
  • UN 1969

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas. A liquid below 11 °F]exp.
Odour
Gasoline-like or natural gas odor.exp.
Melting point
-138.3 °Cexp.
Boiling point
-11.7 °Cexp.
Density
0.55092 g/cm³ at 25 °C, 0.55711 g/cm³ at 20 °C, 0.61415 at -29.5 °Cexp.
Flash point
-83 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
460 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 48.9 mg/L at 25 °Cexp.
Vapour pressure
2610 mm Hg (348.1 kPa) at 25 °C, 391.02 mm Hg (52.132 kPa) at -27.57 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
58.12 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
58.0783 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
1.66calc.
Topological polar surface area
0 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
0calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
4calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
1calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS04: Gas under pressure
Gas under pressure
400NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H220Extremely flammable gas.
Precautionary statements (7)
  • P203Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P222Do not allow contact with air.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P377Leaking gas fire: do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
  • P381In case of leakage, eliminate all ignition sources.
  • P403Store in a well-ventilated place.
UN number
UN 1969
Transport hazard class
2.1

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Isobutane suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 131 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

131 suppliers in 17 countries

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Isobutane price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Organic synthesis, refrigerant, motor fuels, aerosol propellant, synthetic rubber, instrument calibration fluid.

Industrially, isobutane is converted to its corresponding olefin by catalytic dehydrogenation to satisfy the demand for high-octane fuel through olefin alkylation.

Liquid-phase autoxidation of isobutane gives tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

Industrial uses: Fuels and fuel additives, Processing aids not otherwise specified, Abrasives, Fuel, Fuel agents, Other, Chelating agent.

Consumer uses: Intermediate, Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents), Filler, Fuels and fuel additives, Fuel, Fuel agents.

Use classes: Food additives, Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name ISOBUTANE(propellant)

Roles

  • additive
  • food additive
  • food component
  • food propellant
  • physiological role
  • propellant
  • refrigerant

Functional uses

  • Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents)

Cosmetic functions

  • Propellant

How it is made

Isobutane (C4H10) can be obtained by recovery from LPG or by acid-catalyzed isomerization of n-butane.

An important component of natural gasoline, refinery gases, wet natural gas.

Recovery from petroleum refinery streams that result from catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming and other refinery operations.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 601-004-00-0[2]

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: Isobutane, if it contains = >0,1% w/w Butadiene, Ref no: 464, Annex ref: II/464
  • Food additive

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Isobutane is traded under.

HS 2901.10Indicative HS code

Saturated

World exports in 2024
$8.47B
+23.9% vs 2023, imports $7.66B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. United States79.8%
  2. Canada10.1%
  3. Germany1.4%
Top importers
  1. China34.6%
  2. United States12.2%
  3. Sweden5.0%
Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Isobutane is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Isobutane, based on the data on this page

What is Isobutane?

Isobutane is an alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a food propellant and a refrigerant. It is a gas molecular entity and an alkane.

What is the CAS number of Isobutane?

The CAS registry number of Isobutane is 75-28-5.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Isobutane?

The molecular formula of Isobutane is C4H10 and its molar mass is 58.12 g/mol.

What is Isobutane used for?

Organic synthesis, refrigerant, motor fuels, aerosol propellant, synthetic rubber, instrument calibration fluid. Industrially, isobutane is converted to its corresponding olefin by catalytic dehydrogenation to satisfy the demand for high-octane fuel through olefin alkylation.

Is Isobutane hazardous?

Isobutane carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: extremely flammable gas. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Isobutane?

Isobutane is usually classified under HS code 290110 (Saturated). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Isobutane?

CompoundList lists 131 suppliers of Isobutane in United States, China, India, Germany and 13 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Isobutane in India?

5 suppliers in India list Isobutane on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Isobutane?

Suppliers quote Isobutane on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Isobutane

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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