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Synthetic aroma chemicals

(+)-Limonene

Also known as D-Limonene, (R)-(+)-Limonene, (D)-Limonene

CAS 5989-27-5Formula C10H16Molar mass 136.24 g/molEC 227-813-5
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Harmful or irritant, Serious health hazard, Hazardous to the environment 198 suppliers listed Drug substance
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(+)-Limonene chemical structure, C10H16, CAS 5989-27-5
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Oil
Melting point
-74 °C
Boiling point
177.6 °C
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 0.84
Flash point
48 °C
HS code
290219
Category
Synthetic aroma chemicals
UN number
UN 2319
Illustrative photo, 200 litre steel drums of liquid in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is (+)-Limonene?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

(4R)-limonene is an optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (4S)-limonene.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
(4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
CAS number
5989-27-5 CAS number cross-checked
EC number
227-813-5
Molecular formula
C10H16
UNII
GFD7C86Q1W
MDL number
MFCD00062991
INCI name
TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS
InChIKey
XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1
Canonical SMILES
C=C(C)C1CC=C(C)CC1
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=CC[C@@H](CC1)C(=C)C

Synonyms

  • D-Limonene
  • (R)-(+)-Limonene
  • (D)-Limonene
  • (+)-(4R)-Limonene
  • (4R)-Limonene
  • (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
  • D-(+)-Limonene
  • (+)-Dipentene
  • Limonene, (+)-
  • Citrene
  • Refchole
  • (+)-R-Limonene
  • D-Limonen
  • Glidesafe
  • Glidsafe
  • Kautschiin
  • Carvene
  • (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
  • d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
  • Biogenic SE 374
  • (+)-alpha-Limonene
  • (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
  • d-Limoneno
  • (4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
  • (R)-(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
Show all 39 synonyms
  • (+)-(R)-Limonene
  • (4R)-(+)-Limonene
  • (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
  • Dipentene no. 122
  • (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
  • Orange x
  • 4betaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene
  • p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-
  • (4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
  • (4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
  • (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
  • Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (theta)-
  • (+)-(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
  • d limonene

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Oilexp.
Odour
Citrus odorexp.
Taste
FRESH, CITRUS TASTEexp.
Melting point
-74 °Cexp.
Boiling point
177.6 °Cexp.
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 0.84exp.
Flash point
48 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
237 °Cexp.
Solubility
In water, 13.8 mg/L at 25 °Cexp.
Vapour pressure
1.98 mm Hg at 25 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
136.24 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
136.1252 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
3.31calc.
Topological polar surface area
0 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
0calc.
Rotatable bonds
1calc.
Heavy atoms
10calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.6calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
1calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, C1=CCCCC1

C1=CCCCC1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Cyclohexene ring system.

5,167 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
GHS08: Serious health hazard
Serious health hazard
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment

Hazard statements

  • H226Flammable liquid and vapour.
  • H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
  • H315Causes skin irritation.
  • H317May cause an allergic skin reaction.
  • H400Very toxic to aquatic life.
  • H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (24)
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P233Keep container tightly closed.
  • P240Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
  • P241Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating and lighting equipment.
  • P242Use non-sparking tools.
  • P243Take action to prevent static discharges.
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P303 + P361 + P353If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P331Do not induce vomiting.
  • P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
  • P333 + P317If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
  • P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P370 + P378In case of fire: Use appropriate media to extinguish.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P403 + P235Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2319

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

(+)-Limonene suppliers

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Where suppliers are based

198 suppliers in 31 countries

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(+)-Limonene price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Flavoring, fragrance and perfume materials, solvent, wetting agent, resin manufacture. (Limonene).

Insecticide, repellant. (Limonene).

D-Limonene is used to synthesize l-carvone.

Industrial uses: Processing aids not otherwise specified, Intermediates, Solvent, Intermediate, Stabilizing agent, Fragrance, Cleaning agent.

Consumer uses: Solvent, Lubricating agent, Cleaning agent, Fragrance, Odor agents.

Use classes: Solvents, Safer Chemical Classes.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS(perfuming)

Roles

  • eukaryotic metabolite
  • metabolite
  • plant metabolite

Functional uses

  • Cleaning agent
  • Flavouring and nutrient
  • Fragrance
  • Solvent
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)

Cosmetic functions

  • Perfuming

Pharmacology

Limonene, (+)- is an oral dietary supplement containing a natural cyclic monoterpene, and a major component of the oil extracted from citrus peels, with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, D-limonene activates aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1), thereby decreasing aldehyde level. This may protect salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) from toxic aldehydes and prevent or improve radiation-induced xerostomia.

Read more

Limonene and its metabolites perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, uroterpenol and limonene 1,2-diol may also inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of p21-dependent signaling and may induce apoptosis via the induction of the transforming growth factor beta-signaling pathway. In addition, they inhibit post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest as well as differential expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes.

How it is made

D-Limonene may be obtained by steam distillation of citrus peels and pulp resulting from the production of juice and cold-pressed oils, or from deterpenation of citrus oils, it is sometimes redistilled.

Isolation of d-limonene from mandarin peel oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco, Rutaceae).

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 601-096-00-2

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex III, restricted in cosmetics
    Name: Terpenes and terpenoids with the exception of limonene (d-, l-, and dl-isomers) listed under reference numbers 88, 167 and 168 of this Annex III, Ref no:…
  • Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels

United States

  • Safer Choice ingredient list (USA)
  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code (+)-Limonene is traded under.

HS 2902.19Indicative HS code

Cyclanes, cyclenes and cycloterpenes, other

World exports in 2024
$979M
+24.3% vs 2023, imports $1B
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China23.4%
  2. United States20.6%
  3. Germany13.6%
Top importers
  1. India * partner reported9.9%
  2. United States9.8%
  3. South Korea9.5%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for (+)-Limonene is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about (+)-Limonene, based on the data on this page

What is (+)-Limonene?

(4R)-limonene is an optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (4S)-limonene.

What is the CAS number of (+)-Limonene?

The CAS registry number of (+)-Limonene is 5989-27-5.

What is the molecular formula and weight of (+)-Limonene?

The molecular formula of (+)-Limonene is C10H16 and its molar mass is 136.24 g/mol.

What is (+)-Limonene used for?

Flavoring, fragrance and perfume materials, solvent, wetting agent, resin manufacture. (Limonene). Insecticide, repellant. (Limonene). D-Limonene is used to synthesize l-carvone. Industrial uses: Processing aids not otherwise specified, Intermediates, Solvent, Intermediate, Stabilizing agent, Fragrance, Cleaning agent.

Is (+)-Limonene hazardous?

(+)-Limonene carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: flammable liquid and vapour, may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, causes skin irritation. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of (+)-Limonene?

(+)-Limonene is usually classified under HS code 290219 (Cyclanes, cyclenes and cycloterpenes, other). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy (+)-Limonene?

CompoundList lists 198 suppliers of (+)-Limonene in United States, China, India, Germany and 27 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy (+)-Limonene in India?

20 suppliers in India list (+)-Limonene on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of (+)-Limonene?

Suppliers quote (+)-Limonene on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle (+)-Limonene

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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