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Monomers

Melamine

Also known as 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, Cyanuramide, Cyanurotriamide

CAS 108-78-1Formula C3H6N6Molar mass 126.12 g/molEC 203-615-4
GHS signal word: Warning. Pictograms: Serious health hazard 356 suppliers listed
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Melamine chemical structure, C3H6N6, CAS 108-78-1
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Monoclinic prisms
Melting point
354 °C
Boiling point
Sublimes
Density
1.573 at 14 °C
Solubility
In water, 3.23 × 10⁺³ mg/L at 20 °C
HS code
293361
Category
Monomers
Illustrative photo, closed white HDPE bottles and amber jars on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Melamine?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
CAS number
108-78-1 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 5432-64-4, 67297-95-4
EC number
203-615-4
Molecular formula
C3H6N6
UNII
N3GP2YSD88
MDL number
MFCD00006055
InChIKey
JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N

Synonyms

  • 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
  • Cyanuramide
  • Cyanurotriamide
  • Cyanurotriamine
  • Isomelamine
  • Theoharn
  • Cyanuric triamide
  • s-Triazinetriamine
  • Teoharn
  • Triaminotriazine
  • Hicophor PR
  • 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine
  • Aero
  • Pluragard
  • Yukamelamine
  • 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine
  • Cymel
  • Virset 656-4
  • Spinflam ML 94M
  • Pluragard C 133
  • 2,4,6-Triaminotriazine
  • Mark ZS 27
  • ADK Stab ZS 27
  • DG 002 (amine)
  • s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-
Show all 38 synonyms
  • sym-Triaminotriazine
  • ZS 27
  • 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triimine
  • DG 002
  • 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-triimine
  • Melamine Monomer
  • Metformin EP impurity D
  • Cyanurtriamide
  • NtN',N''-tri-2-pyridinyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
  • s-triaminotriazine
  • Melamine, 99%
  • 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (Melamine)
  • Melamine (1.0 mg/10 mL in 84:16% ACN:H2O)

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Monoclinic prismsexp.
Melting point
354 °Cexp.
Boiling point
Sublimesexp.
Density
1.573 at 14 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
>500exp.
Solubility
In water, 3.23 × 10⁺³ mg/L at 20 °Cexp.
Vapour pressure
VP: 50 mm Hg at 315 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
126.12 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
126.0654 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
-1.38calc.
Topological polar surface area
116.7 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
3calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
6calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
9calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ncncn1

c1ncncn1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the 1,3,5-Triazine ring system.

1,908 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Warning
GHS08: Serious health hazard
Serious health hazard

Hazard statements

  • H351Suspected of causing cancer.
  • H373May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Precautionary statements (7)
  • P203Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P318If exposed or concerned, get medical advice.
  • P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Melamine suppliers

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All 356 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

356 suppliers in 45 countries

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Melamine price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Melamine, melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts and guanidine compounds are currently the most used group of nitrogen-containing flame retardants. Melamine is used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene. Melamine cyanurate is employed commercially as a flame retardant for polyamides and terephthalates (PET/PBT) and is being developed for use in epoxy and polyurethane resins. Melamine phosphate is also used as a flame retardant for terephthalates (PET/PBT) and is currently being developed for use in epoxy and polyurethane flame retardant formulations.

Read more

Also in the development stages for use as flame-retardant additives are melamine salts and melamine formaldehyde for their application in thermoset resins.

Melamine resins, organic syntheses, leather tanning.

To make high pressure laminate resins, molding compounds & surface coating resins, textile & paper treating resins, adhesive resins for gluing lumber, plywood, & flooring.

Comonomer with formaldehyde for amino resin prodn.

Plastics -> Typical concentration range in plastic materials -> 25%.

Industrial uses: Flame retardant, Sealant (barrier), Stabilizing agent, Filler, Hardener, Pigment, Adhesion/cohesion promoter.

Consumer uses: Filler, Sealant (barrier), Flame retardant, Surface modifier, Hardener, Pigment, Adhesion/cohesion promoter.

Use classes: Plastics, Pesticide transformation products.

Roles

  • metabolite
  • xenobiotic metabolite

Functional uses

  • Chemical reaction regulator
  • Flame retardant
  • Monomers

How it is made

Melamine is produced from urea by a high or low pressure process in either one or two stages. In the low pressure route, the reaction is carried out in the vapour phase generally using an alumina catalyst. Urea forms isocyanic acid, which is converted first to cyanamide and then to melamine. In the high pressure process, carried out in the liquid phase without a catalyst, urea forms cyanuric acid which is reacted with ammonia to form melamine.

Read more

Carbon dioxide and ammonia by-products are recycled to urea.

1) by heating urea and ammonia, the resulting mixture of isocyanic acid and ammonia reacts over a solid catalyst at about 400 °C to form melamine, 2) from cyanamide, dicyanamide or cyanuric chloride

Melamine can be synthesized from urea at 390 - 410 °C: ... The overall reaction is endothermic, requiring 649 kJ per mole of melamine starting with molten urea at 135 °C. The processes themselves may be subdivided into two categories: 1. noncatalytic, high-pressure (> or = to 8 MPa) processes, and 2. catalytic, low-pressure processes (ca 1 MPa). Each type includes three stages: synthesis, melamine recovery and purification, and off-gas treatment.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 613-345-00-2

Health and food

  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, melamine, Ref no: 1711, Annex ref: II/1711

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Melamine is traded under.

HS 2933.61Exact HS code

Heterocyclic compounds: containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure…

World exports in 2024
$730M
−8.0% vs 2023, imports $995M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China70.1%
  2. Netherlands8.4%
  3. Qatar * partner reported6.9%
Top importers
  1. Germany10.9%
  2. India * partner reported9.8%
  3. Turkey8.1%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Melamine is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Melamine, based on the data on this page

What is Melamine?

Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).

What is the CAS number of Melamine?

The CAS registry number of Melamine is 108-78-1. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 5432-64-4, 67297-95-4.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Melamine?

The molecular formula of Melamine is C3H6N6 and its molar mass is 126.12 g/mol.

What is Melamine used for?

Melamine, melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts and guanidine compounds are currently the most used group of nitrogen-containing flame retardants. Melamine is used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene.

Is Melamine hazardous?

Melamine carries the GHS signal word "Warning". Main hazards: suspected of causing cancer, may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Melamine?

Melamine is usually classified under HS code 293361 (Melamine). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Melamine?

CompoundList lists 356 suppliers of Melamine in China, India, United States, Germany and 41 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Melamine in India?

87 suppliers in India list Melamine on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Melamine?

Suppliers quote Melamine on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Melamine

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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