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Silicates, borates and other salts

Phosphine

Also known as phosphane, Hydrogen phosphide, Phosphorus trihydride

CAS 7803-51-2Formula H3PMolar mass 34.00 g/molEC 232-260-8
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Flammable, Gas under pressure, Corrosive, Acute toxicity (severe) 35 suppliers listed
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Phosphine chemical structure, H3P, CAS 7803-51-2
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless gas, flammable
Melting point
-133.8 °C
Boiling point
-87.8 °C
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 0.8
Flash point
Flammable gas
HS code
285000
Category
Silicates, borates and other salts
UN number
UN 2199
Illustrative photo, a bundle of gas cylinders on a manifold in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Phosphine?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Phosphane is the simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached. It has a role as a fumigant insecticide and a carcinogenic agent. It is a member of phosphanes, a phosphine and a mononuclear parent hydride. It is a conjugate base of a phosphonium. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphanide.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
phosphane
CAS number
7803-51-2 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 13967-14-1, 7723-14-0
EC number
232-260-8
Molecular formula
H3P
UNII
FW6947296I
InChIKey
XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
P

Synonyms

  • phosphane
  • Hydrogen phosphide
  • Phosphorus trihydride
  • Phosphorus hydride
  • Phosphorwasserstoff
  • Fosforowodor
  • Gas-Ex-B
  • RCRA waste number P096
  • Phosphoretted hydrogen
  • trihydridophosphorus
  • Vaporphos
  • TK-GAS
  • Phosphine (ph3)
  • Phosphorated hydrogen
  • hydrogen phosphorus, PH3
  • Trihydrogen phosphide
  • Phosphene
  • UN 2199
  • fosfina
  • Phosphorus - P @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
  • Phosphorus - P @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil
  • RCRA waste no. P096
  • Phosphorus Standard: P @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3
  • Phosphorus Standard: P @ 10000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3
  • fosfano
Show all 34 synonyms
  • fosforo
  • phosphore
  • P 3000: P @ 3000 mg/Kg in 30 cSt Oil (VISC30)
  • Phosphor
  • Sulfur-Free Phosphorus Concentrate: P @ approx. 11 wt% in Hydrocarbons
  • hydrogen phosphine
  • lambda~5~-Phosphane
  • Phosphorus, red, CP
  • Phosphorus, red, puriss.

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless gas, flammableexp.
Odour
Disagreeable, garlic-like odor.exp.
Melting point
-133.8 °Cexp.
Boiling point
-87.8 °Cexp.
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 0.8exp.
Flash point
Flammable gasexp.
Autoignition temperature
100 °Cexp.
Solubility
Slightly soluble in water (0.26 volume at 20 °C)exp.
Vapour pressure
2.93 × 10⁺⁴ mm Hg at 25 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
34.00 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
33.9972 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
0.06calc.
Topological polar surface area
0 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
0calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
1calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
1calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS02: Flammable
Flammable
GHS04: Gas under pressure
Gas under pressure
GHS05: Corrosive
Corrosive
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment
442WNFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H220Extremely flammable gas.
  • H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
  • H330Fatal if inhaled.
  • H400Very toxic to aquatic life.
Precautionary statements (24)
  • P203Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
  • P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P222Do not allow contact with air.
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P284In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
  • P301 + P330 + P331If swallowed: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting.
  • P302 + P361 + P354If on skin: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Immediately rinse with water for several minutes.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305 + P354 + P338If in eyes: Immediately rinse with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P320Specific treatment is urgent (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
  • P377Leaking gas fire: do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
  • P381In case of leakage, eliminate all ignition sources.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P403Store in a well-ventilated place.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 2199
Transport hazard class
2.3

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Phosphine suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 35 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

35 suppliers in 13 countries

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Phosphine price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Insecticides.

The end-use product is a poisonous liquefied gas under pressure, and is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) due to the acute inhalation toxicity of phosphine gas.

Phosphine gas is used indoors to control a broad spectrum of insects for non-food/non-feed commodities in sealed containers or structures. There are no homeowner or agricultural row crop uses for this product.

Phosphine is used in the semiconductor industry to introduce phosphorus into silicon crystals. It is also used as a fumigant, a polymerization initiator and as an intermediate for the preparation of several flame retardants. Phosphine has an odor of garlic or decaying fish but is odorless when pure. The level at which humans detect the odor of phosphine (odor threshold) does not provide sufficient warning of dangerous concentrations. It is shipped as liquefied compressed gas.

Read more

Several solids (phosphides) release phosphine gas. When phosphine toxicity is suspected, but phosphine exposure has not occurred, ingestion or transdermal contamination from phosphides should be considered.

Phosphine is used as an insecticide for the fumigation of grains, animal feed, and leaf-stored tobacco, and as a rodenticide. Phosphine is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of flame retardants for cotton fabrics, as a doping agent for n-type semiconductors, a polymerization initiator, and a condensation catalyst.

Industrial uses: Intermediate, Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent.

Consumer uses: Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent.

Use classes: Warfare and Terrorism Agents.

Pharmacological actions

  • Insecticides

Roles

  • aetiopathogenetic role
  • carcinogenic agent
  • fumigant
  • fumigant insecticide
  • insecticide
  • pesticide

Pharmacology

Phosphine is a highly toxic phosphorus hydride that is formed naturally via the anaerobic decay of phosphorus-containing organic matter or is prepared by an alkali metal hydroxide or white phosphorus hydrolysis reaction. Phosphine is used in industrial processes, in flame retardant production, and as a pesticide. It is characterized as a colorless gas that is odorless when pure. Exposure occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or contact.

How it is made

Prepared from white phosphorus and aqueous alkali hydroxide, also by treatment of (phosphonium iodide with potassium hydroxide) ..., by pyrolysis of phosphorous acid ..., by hydrolysis of metal phosphide such as calcium phosphide.

By action of freshly formed hydrogen or of caustic potash on phosphorus.

By reaction of certain metal phosphides with water, hydrolysis of phosphorus in a base such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (hydrated lime), and reduction of red phosphorus in hot phosphoric acid solution.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 015-181-00-1

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Phosphine is traded under.

HS 2850.00Indicative HS code

Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds…

World exports in 2024
$648M
−0.5% vs 2023, imports $610M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. United States33.3%
  2. China24.9%
  3. Japan10.9%
Top importers
  1. South Korea17.6%
  2. China15.8%
  3. India * partner reported12.1%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Phosphine is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Phosphine, based on the data on this page

What is Phosphine?

Phosphane is the simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached. It has a role as a fumigant insecticide and a carcinogenic agent. It is a member of phosphanes, a phosphine and a mononuclear parent hydride. It is a conjugate base of a phosphonium.

What is the CAS number of Phosphine?

The CAS registry number of Phosphine is 7803-51-2. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 13967-14-1, 7723-14-0.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Phosphine?

The molecular formula of Phosphine is H3P and its molar mass is 34.00 g/mol.

What is Phosphine used for?

Insecticides. The end-use product is a poisonous liquefied gas under pressure, and is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) due to the acute inhalation toxicity of phosphine gas. Phosphine gas is used indoors to control a broad spectrum of insects for non-food/non-feed commodities in sealed containers or structures.

Is Phosphine hazardous?

Phosphine carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: extremely flammable gas, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, fatal if inhaled. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Phosphine?

Phosphine is usually classified under HS code 285000 (Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Phosphine?

CompoundList lists 35 suppliers of Phosphine in United States, China, India, Germany and 9 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Phosphine in India?

5 suppliers in India list Phosphine on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Phosphine?

Suppliers quote Phosphine on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Phosphine

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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