Water
Also known as Distilled water, Dihydrogen oxide, Purified water
Key facts
What buyers check first
- Appearance
- Colorless liquid
- Melting point
- 0 °C
- Boiling point
- 100 °C
- Density
- 0.9950 g/cm³ at 25 °C
- Solubility
- Water dissolves some amount of virtually every solid or gas with wich it comes in contact.
- HS code
- 285390
- Category
- Skin conditioning agents and actives
What is Water?
Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms
Water is an oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. It has a role as an amphiprotic solvent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a member of greenhouse gas, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an oxygen hydride, a mononuclear parent hydride and an inorganic hydroxy compound. It is a conjugate base of an oxonium. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxide.
Water is a chemical compound whose molecules are formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Identifiers
Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy
- IUPAC name
- oxidane
- CAS number
- 7732-18-5 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 117318-92-0, 17778-80-2
- EC numbers
- 231-791-2, 634-210-4, 686-299-4
- Molecular formula
- H2O
- UNII
- 059QF0KO0R
- MDL number
- MFCD00011332
- INCI name
- AQUA, WATER
- InChIKey
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
- SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
- O
Synonyms
- Distilled water
- Dihydrogen oxide
- Purified water
- Sterile water
- Water vapor
- Water, deionized
- oxidane
- aqua
- Water, purified
- Water, mineral
- Dihydrogen Monoxide
- steam
- Deionized water
- DHMO
- Water, sterile
- Water, distilled
- Water for injection
- Sterile purified water
- Water for hemodialysis
- Water purified
- Sterile water for irrigation
- Pur-wash
- Water, purified sterile
- Water, sterile purified
- Ultrex ii ultrapure
Show all 39 synonymsShow fewer synonyms
- Sterile water for injection
- Sterile water for inhalation
- Water for inhalation, sterile
- Sterile water in plastic container
- Water for injection, sterile
- Water for irrigation, sterile
- Bacteriostatic water for injection
- Water for injection, bacteriostatic
- Sterile water for injection in plastic container
- Bacteriostatic water for injection in plastic container
- Drinking Water
- Water, distilled, conductivity or of similar purity
- Mineral Water
- Water, Drinking
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade
| Appearance | Colorless liquidexp.Measured value |
|---|---|
| Odour | Odorlessexp.Measured value |
| Taste | Tastelessexp.Measured value |
| Melting point | 0 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Boiling point | 100 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Density | 0.9950 g/cm³ at 25 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Solubility | Water dissolves some amount of virtually every solid or gas with wich it comes in contact.exp.Measured value |
| Vapour pressure | VP: 760 mm Hg at 100 °Cexp.Measured value |
Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.
Computed descriptors
Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation
| Molecular weight | 18.02 g/molcalc.Computed value |
|---|---|
| Exact mass | 18.0106 Dacalc.Computed value |
| LogP (octanol/water) | -0.82calc.Computed value |
| Topological polar surface area | 31.5 Ųcalc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0calc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 0calc.Computed value |
| Rotatable bonds | 0calc.Computed value |
| Heavy atoms | 1calc.Computed value |
| Rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Aromatic rings | 0calc.Computed value |
| Fraction sp3 carbons | 0calc.Computed value |
| Formal charge | 0calc.Computed value |
| Stereocentres | 0calc.Computed value |
Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.
Safety and hazards
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet
Hazard statements
- H315Causes skin irritation.
- H319Causes serious eye irritation.
- H335May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary statements (16)
- P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
- P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
- P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
- P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
- P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
- P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
- P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
- P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
- P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
- P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
- P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
- P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
- P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
- P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
- P405Store locked up.
- P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.
Full safety data and first aidWater suppliers
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Water price
Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers
Suppliers quote this chemical on request. Send one free request and compare quotes side by side.
Uses and applications
What the substance is used for, by industry and function
Physiologically water is classed as a nutrient substance.
Drinking, culinary purposes, bathing, washing, laundering, heating, air conditioning, agriculture, stock raising and gardens, for industrial processes and cooling, for water power and steam power, for fire protection, for disposal of wastes, for fishing, swimming, boating and other recreational purposes, for fish and wildlife propagation, and for navigation.
Estimated Water Use in the US.
Table: Use in Billion Gallons/Day [Table#8157].
Use classes: Solvents, Safer Chemical Classes, Cosmetics.
Industries and functions
Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name AQUA(solvent)
Roles
- Bronsted acid
- Bronsted base
- Escherichia coli metabolite
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
- acceptor
- acid
- amphiprotic solvent
- animal metabolite
- bacterial metabolite
- base
- donor
- eukaryotic metabolite
- fungal metabolite
- greenhouse gas
- human metabolite
- mammalian metabolite
- metabolite
- mouse metabolite
- polar solvent
- prokaryotic metabolite
- protic solvent
- protophilic solvent
- solvent
Functional uses
- Adhesion/cohesion promoter
- Binder
- Defoamer
- Diluent
- Dye
- Filler
- Foamant
- Fragrance
- Processing aids not otherwise specified
- Solubility enhancer
- Solvent
- Thickening agent
Cosmetic functions
- Antiplaque
- Skin conditioning
- Solvent
Pharmacology
Water is h2O, a clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade.
How it is made
Derivation: (1) Oxidation of hydrogen, (2) end product of combustion, (3) end product of acid-base reaction, (4) end product of condensation reaction.
Regulatory status
Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance
Health and food
- EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
- Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels
United States
- Safer Choice ingredient list (USA)
- TSCA inventory (USA)Status: Active in US commerce, Regulatory flags: Exempt from Chemical Data Reporting
HS code and trade data
Customs classification and reported world trade statistics
Global trade
World import and export statistics for the HS code Water is traded under.
Phosphides, whether or not chemically defined, excluding ferrophosphorus, other, other
- China68.4%
- Israel8.1%
- United States4.9%
- United States19.3%
- Japan17.9%
- China13.4%
The HS code shown for Water is indicative (it is known at chapter level only). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.
Related chemicals
Parent and salt forms, stereoisomers, similar structures and isomers
Stereoisomers and isotopic forms
Same connectivity, different stereochemistry or isotopes (same InChIKey skeleton)
Similar structures
Nearest neighbours by Morgan fingerprint Tanimoto similarity
Frequently asked questions
Quick answers about Water, based on the data on this page
What is Water?
What is the CAS number of Water?
What is the molecular formula and weight of Water?
What is Water used for?
Is Water hazardous?
What is the HS code of Water?
Where can I buy Water?
What is the price of Water?
Guides for buyers
Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Water
- Article, FormulationHow to choose a cosmetic emulsifierA structured way to choose an emulsifier for creams and lotions: emulsion type, HLB and its limits, emulsifier families, formula fit, stability testing and what to ask suppliers.Read
- Guide, SafetyHow to read a safety data sheet in 10 minutesA section by section method to pull the essentials out of any 16 section SDS: identity, hazards, composition, storage, PPE, properties, transport and emergency measures.Read
- Guide, SafetyGHS pictograms, signal words and hazard statements explainedA practical guide to the nine GHS pictograms, the signal words Danger and Warning, H and P statements, and how to read a chemical label in seconds.Read
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