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Dye intermediates

2-Nitrophenol

Also known as o-Nitrophenol, 2-Hydroxynitrobenzene, Phenol, 2-nitro-

CAS 88-75-5Formula C6H5NO3Molar mass 139.11 g/molEC 201-857-5
GHS signal word: Warning. Pictograms: Harmful or irritant, Hazardous to the environment 33 suppliers listed
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2-Nitrophenol chemical structure, C6H5NO3, CAS 88-75-5
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Light yellow needles or prisms
Melting point
44 to 45
Boiling point
216 ยฐC
Density
1.2942 g/cmยณ at 40 ยฐC
Flash point
108 ยฐC
HS code
290899
Category
Dye intermediates
UN number
UN 1663
Illustrative photo, off-white crystalline powder in fibre drums in a warehouse
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is 2-Nitrophenol?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

2-nitrophenol is a member of the class of 2-nitrophenols that is phenol in which one of the hydrogens that is ortho to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-nitrophenolate.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
2-nitrophenol
CAS number
88-75-5 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 25154-55-6, 78813-12-4
EC number
201-857-5
Molecular formula
C6H5NO3
UNII
BD148E95KD
MDL number
MFCD00011688
INCI name
NITROPHENOL
InChIKey
IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H5NO3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
C1=CC=C(C(=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])O

Synonyms

  • o-Nitrophenol
  • 2-Hydroxynitrobenzene
  • Phenol, 2-nitro-
  • o-Hydroxynitrobenzene
  • Phenol, o-nitro-
  • o-Nitrofenol
  • ortho-nitrophenol
  • Nitrophenol
  • 2-nitro-phenol
  • o-Nitrophenol (molten)
  • o-nitro-phenol
  • 0-nitrophenol
  • 2-nitro phenol
  • hydroxynitrobenzene
  • OPO
  • 2-nitrophenyl alcohol
  • 2-Nitrophenol solution
  • 2-Nitrophenol, 98%
  • Phenol, o-nitro
  • 2-Nitrophenol (NIST)
  • 2-Nitrophenol, 99.0%
  • Hydroxy(2-Hydroxyphenyl)oxoammonium
  • UN 1663
  • 2-Nitrophenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol
  • 2-Nitrophenol, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC)
Show all 28 synonyms
  • 2-Nitrophenol Solution in Methanol, 100ug/mL
  • 2-Nitrophenol Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL
  • 2-Nitrophenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Light yellow needles or prismsexp.
Odour
Peculiar, aromatic colorexp.
Taste
SWEET TASTEexp.
Melting point
44 to 45exp.
Boiling point
216 ยฐCexp.
Density
1.2942 g/cmยณ at 40 ยฐCexp.
Flash point
108 ยฐCexp.
Autoignition temperature
550 ยฐCexp.
Solubility
Freely soluble in carbon disulfide, alkali hydroxides, slightly soluble in cold waterexp.
Vapour pressure
1 mm Hg at 49.3 ยฐCexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
139.11 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
139.0269 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
1.3calc.
Topological polar surface area
63.37 ร…ยฒcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
1calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
3calc.
Rotatable bonds
1calc.
Heavy atoms
10calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccccc1

c1ccccc1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Benzene ring system.

485,677 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Warning
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment

Hazard statements

  • H302 + H312 + H332Harmful if swallowed. Harmful in contact with skin. Harmful if inhaled.
  • H302Harmful if swallowed.
  • H312Harmful in contact with skin.
  • H315Causes skin irritation.
  • H319Causes serious eye irritation.
  • H332Harmful if inhaled.
  • H335May cause respiratory irritation.
  • H400Very toxic to aquatic life.
  • H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
  • H412Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (22)
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P317If swallowed: Get medical help.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P317Get medical help.
  • P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
  • P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
  • P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 1663
Transport hazard class
6.1
Packing group
III

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

2-Nitrophenol suppliers

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All 33 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

33 suppliers in 10 countries

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2-Nitrophenol price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Manufacture of dyes, paint colorings, rubber chemicals, and fungicides, indicator in 2% alcohol solution, pH range 5 colorless, 7.0 yellow, but color change is not sharp and cannot be used where carbon dioxide is present, as a reagent for glucose.

Intermediates for the production of pigments, rubber chemicals, lumber preservatives, photographic chemicals, and fungicide agents.

Intermediate in organic synthesis.

Intermediate to produce 2-aminophenol which is used as a photographic developer and, in larger amounts, as a versatile intermediate for dyes and fine chemicals.

Industrial uses: Intermediate.

Use classes: Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name NITROPHENOL(hair dyeing)

Functional uses

  • Dye

Cosmetic functions

  • Hair dyeing

How it is made

2-Chloronitrobenzene in 8.5% sodium hydroxide solution is heated gradually (exothermic) to 170 ยฐC in an autoclave and held there under pressure for 8 hr. The resulting solution is cooled and acidified to give the product in 95% yield.

Hydrolysis of o-nitrochlorobenzene

Action of dilute nitric acid on phenol at low temperature, para-isomer formed at the same time. They are separated by steam distillation

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code 2-Nitrophenol is traded under.

HS 2908.99Indicative HS code

Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols orโ€ฆ

World exports in 2024
$77.7M
+4.6% vs 2023, imports $83.7M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China32.2%
  2. India * partner reported22.2%
  3. Spain8.5%
Top importers
  1. United States13.9%
  2. Spain10.6%
  3. Turkey8.3%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for 2-Nitrophenol is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about 2-Nitrophenol, based on the data on this page

What is 2-Nitrophenol?

2-nitrophenol is a member of the class of 2-nitrophenols that is phenol in which one of the hydrogens that is ortho to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-nitrophenolate.

What is the CAS number of 2-Nitrophenol?

The CAS registry number of 2-Nitrophenol is 88-75-5. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 25154-55-6, 78813-12-4.

What is the molecular formula and weight of 2-Nitrophenol?

The molecular formula of 2-Nitrophenol is C6H5NO3 and its molar mass is 139.11 g/mol.

What is 2-Nitrophenol used for?

Manufacture of dyes, paint colorings, rubber chemicals, and fungicides, indicator in 2% alcohol solution, pH range 5 colorless, 7.0 yellow, but color change is not sharp and cannot be used where carbon dioxide is present, as a reagent for glucose.

Is 2-Nitrophenol hazardous?

2-Nitrophenol carries the GHS signal word "Warning". Main hazards: harmful if swallowed. harmful in contact with skin. harmful if inhaled, harmful if swallowed, harmful in contact with skin. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of 2-Nitrophenol?

2-Nitrophenol is usually classified under HS code 290899 (Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols orโ€ฆ). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy 2-Nitrophenol?

CompoundList lists 33 suppliers of 2-Nitrophenol in China, United States, India, Netherlands and 6 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy 2-Nitrophenol in India?

5 suppliers in India list 2-Nitrophenol on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of 2-Nitrophenol?

Suppliers quote 2-Nitrophenol on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle 2-Nitrophenol

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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