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Synthetic aroma chemicals

Eugenol

Also known as 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-Allylguaiacol, Eugenic acid

CAS 97-53-0Formula C10H12O2Molar mass 164.20 g/molEC 202-589-1
GHS signal word: Warning. Pictograms: Harmful or irritant 151 suppliers listed Drug substance
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Eugenol chemical structure, C10H12O2, CAS 97-53-0
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless or pale yellow liquid
Melting point
-9.2 to -9.1
Boiling point
253.9 ยฐC
Density
1.0652 g/cmยณ at 20 ยฐC
Flash point
>100
HS code
290950
Category
Synthetic aroma chemicals
Illustrative photo, an amber glass solvent bottle with clear liquid on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Eugenol?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. It has a role as a sensitiser, a volatile oil component, an antibacterial agent, an analgesic, an antineoplastic agent, a flavouring agent, an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, an anaesthetic, a radical scavenger, an allergen, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor and a human blood serum metabolite. It is an alkenylbenzene, a monomethoxybenzene, a phenylpropanoid and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a guaiacol.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
CAS number
97-53-0 CAS number cross-checked
EC number
202-589-1
Molecular formula
C10H12O2
UNII
3T8H1794QW
MDL number
MFCD00008654
INCI name
EUGENOL
InChIKey
RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H12O2/c1-3-4-8-5-6-9(11)10(7-8)12-2/h3,5-7,11H,1,4H2,2H3
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O

Synonyms

  • 4-Allyl-2-methoxyphenol
  • 4-Allylguaiacol
  • Eugenic acid
  • Allylguaiacol
  • Caryophyllic acid
  • p-Eugenol
  • 2-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
  • p-Allylguaiacol
  • Engenol
  • 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol
  • Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-
  • 5-Allylguaiacol
  • 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol
  • Synthetic eugenol
  • 1,3,4-Eugenol
  • 4-Allylcatechol-2-methyl ether
  • 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene
  • 2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol
  • 2-Methoxy-1-hydroxy-4-allylbenzene
  • 4-Allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene
  • bioxeda
  • Phenol, 4-allyl-2-methoxy-
  • 4-Allylcatechol 2-methyl ether
  • 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyallylbenzene
  • 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylbenzene
Show all 38 synonyms
  • 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene
  • 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-allylbenzene
  • 2-Hydroxy-5-allylanisole
  • 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol
  • Caryophillic acid
  • 2-Metoksy-4-allilofenol
  • FA 100
  • Eugenol (USP)
  • 2-Methoxy-4-[2-propenyl]phenol
  • Dentek Eugenol
  • Teething Gel
  • Nuby Teething Gel
  • Red Cross Toothache

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless or pale yellow liquidexp.
Odour
Odor of clovesexp.
Taste
Spicy, pungent tasteexp.
Melting point
-9.2 to -9.1exp.
Boiling point
253.9 ยฐCexp.
Density
1.0652 g/cmยณ at 20 ยฐCexp.
Flash point
>100exp.
Solubility
In water, 2460 mg/L at 25 ยฐCexp.
Vapour pressure
VP: 1 mm Hg at 78.4 ยฐC. Percent in saturated air: approx 0.004 at 25 ยฐC, 760 mm Hgexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
164.20 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
164.0837 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
2.13calc.
Topological polar surface area
29.46 ร…ยฒcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
1calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
2calc.
Rotatable bonds
3calc.
Heavy atoms
12calc.
Rings
1calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.2calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1ccccc1

c1ccccc1

1 ring, 6 atoms, the Benzene ring system.

485,677 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Warning
GHS07: Harmful or irritant
Harmful or irritant
220NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H302Harmful if swallowed.
  • H315Causes skin irritation.
  • H317May cause an allergic skin reaction.
  • H319Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements (16)
  • P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P264 + P265Wash skin thoroughly after handling. Do not touch eyes.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P317If swallowed: Get medical help.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P305 + P351 + P338If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P332 + P317If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.
  • P333 + P317If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
  • P337 + P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical help.
  • P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Eugenol suppliers

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All 151 suppliers
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Where suppliers are based

151 suppliers in 27 countries

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Eugenol price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Insecticide.

Perfumes, essential oils, medicine (anaglesic), production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, flavoring.

Eugenol is used in perfumery in clove and carnation compositions as well as for oriental and spicy notes. It is a common component of clove and other aroma compositions. In dentistry, it is used as an antiseptic.

Industrial uses: Intermediate, Fragrance, Flavoring and nutrient.

Consumer uses: Fragrance.

Use classes: Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name EUGENOL(denaturant, tonic, perfuming)

Pharmacological actions

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Solvents

Roles

  • NF-kappaB inhibitor
  • additive
  • aetiopathogenetic role
  • allergen
  • anaesthetic
  • analgesic
  • anti-inflammatory agent
  • antibacterial agent
  • antimicrobial agent
  • antineoplastic agent
  • antioxidant
  • apoptosis inducer
  • biophysical role
  • enzyme inhibitor
  • flavouring agent
  • food additive
  • food component
  • human blood serum metabolite
  • pharmaceutical
  • physiological role
  • radical scavenger
  • sensitiser
  • volatile oil component
  • voltage-gated sodium channel blocker

Functional uses

  • Biocide
  • Deodorizer
  • Flavouring and nutrient
  • Fragrance
  • Humectant

Cosmetic functions

  • Denaturant
  • Perfuming
  • Tonic

Pharmacology

Eugenol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release and Cell-mediated Immunity.

How it is made

The oil containing eugenol is treated with a 3% aqueous solution of NaOH, the nonacid components are extracted with ether, the alkaline solution is acidified to isolate the phenols and subsequently is fractionally distilled under reduced pressure, to avoid the formation of emulsions, a pretreatment of the oil with tartaric acid is preferred.

It can be extracted from clove oil with aqueous potassium hydroxide, followed by liberation with an acid, and distillation in a stream of CO2.

Read more

It can be synthesized by the reaction of allyl chloride with guaiacol.

Since sufficient eugenol can be isolated from cheap essential oils, synthesis is not industrially important. Eugenol is still preferentially isolated from clove leaf and cinnamon leaf oil (e.g., by extraction with sodium hydroxide solution). Nonphenolic materials are then removed by steam distillation. After the alkaline solution is acidified at low temperature, pure eugenol is obtained by distillation.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex III, restricted in cosmetics
    Name: Eugenol, Ref no: 71, Annex ref: III/71
  • Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Eugenol is traded under.

HS 2909.50Indicative HS code

Ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated orโ€ฆ

World exports in 2024
$284M
+11.9% vs 2023, imports $291M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. India * partner reported32.9%
  2. Indonesia17.7%
  3. France * partner reported11.2%
Top importers
  1. China20.7%
  2. United States12.0%
  3. Brazil6.8%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Eugenol is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Eugenol, based on the data on this page

What is Eugenol?

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis.

What is the CAS number of Eugenol?

The CAS registry number of Eugenol is 97-53-0.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Eugenol?

The molecular formula of Eugenol is C10H12O2 and its molar mass is 164.20 g/mol.

What is Eugenol used for?

Insecticide. Perfumes, essential oils, medicine (anaglesic), production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, flavoring. Eugenol is used in perfumery in clove and carnation compositions as well as for oriental and spicy notes. It is a common component of clove and other aroma compositions.

Is Eugenol hazardous?

Eugenol carries the GHS signal word "Warning". Main hazards: harmful if swallowed, causes skin irritation, may cause an allergic skin reaction. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Eugenol?

Eugenol is usually classified under HS code 290950 (Ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated orโ€ฆ). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Eugenol?

CompoundList lists 151 suppliers of Eugenol in United States, China, India, Germany and 23 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Eugenol in India?

14 suppliers in India list Eugenol on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Eugenol?

Suppliers quote Eugenol on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Eugenol

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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