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Other active pharmaceutical ingredients

Nicotine

Also known as L-Nicotine, (-)-Nicotine, (S)-Nicotine

CAS 54-11-5Formula C10H14N2Molar mass 162.24 g/molEC 200-193-3
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Acute toxicity (severe), Hazardous to the environment 98 suppliers listed Drug substance
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Nicotine chemical structure, C10H14N2, CAS 54-11-5
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
Colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid
Melting point
-79 °C
Boiling point
249 °C
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 1.01
Flash point
101 °C
HS code
293979
Category
Other active pharmaceutical ingredients
UN number
UN 1654
Illustrative photo, 200 litre steel drums of liquid in a chemical plant
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Nicotine?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

(S)-nicotine is a 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. It has a role as a phytogenic insecticide, a psychotropic drug, an anxiolytic drug, a xenobiotic, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a peripheral nervous system drug, an immunomodulator, a teratogenic agent, a neurotoxin, a mitogen, a biomarker and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-nicotinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-nicotine.

Nicotine is a mild chemical stimulant naturally found in some plants.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine
CAS number
54-11-5 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 104062-50-2, 22083-74-5
EC numbers
200-193-3, 686-240-2
Molecular formula
C10H14N2
UNII
6M3C89ZY6R
MDL number
MFCD00006369
InChIKey
SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1
Canonical SMILES
CN1CCCC1c1cccnc1
Isomeric SMILES
CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2

Synonyms

  • L-Nicotine
  • (-)-Nicotine
  • (S)-Nicotine
  • (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
  • (S)-(-)-Nicotine
  • Habitrol
  • Nicotrol
  • 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine
  • Nicoderm
  • Nicoderm Cq
  • Fumetobac
  • Nicocide
  • Prostep
  • Tendust
  • Nico-dust
  • Nicotine alkaloid
  • Emo-nik
  • Nico-Fume
  • Mach-Nic
  • Nic-Sal
  • 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine
  • Flux MAAG
  • Nicotina
  • Nikotyna
  • Ortho N-4 dust
Show all 39 synonyms
  • Ortho N-5 dust
  • XL All Insecticide
  • Niagara P.A. dust
  • Destruxol orchid spray
  • L(-)-nicotine
  • Black Leaf 40
  • 3-(N-Methylpyrollidino)pyridine
  • 3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine
  • Nicabate
  • Niquitin
  • Tabazur
  • L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine
  • Ortho N-4 and N-5 dusts
  • Nicotin

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
Colorless to pale yellow, oily liquidexp.
Odour
Fish-like odor when warmexp.
Taste
Acrid, burningexp.
Melting point
-79 °Cexp.
Boiling point
249 °Cexp.
Density
Relative density (water = 1): 1.01exp.
Flash point
101 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
244 °Cexp.
Solubility
Miscible with water below 60 °C, very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, kerosene, oilsexp.
Vapour pressure
1 MM HG @ 61.8 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
162.24 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
162.1157 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
1.85calc.
Topological polar surface area
16.13 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
2calc.
Rotatable bonds
1calc.
Heavy atoms
12calc.
Rings
2calc.
Aromatic rings
1calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0.5calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
1calc.
Lipinski rule of five
Passes (0 violations)calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Murcko scaffold

The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed

Murcko scaffold of this chemical, c1cncc(C2CCCN2)c1

c1cncc(C2CCCN2)c1

2 rings, 11 atoms, the 3-(Pyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine ring system.

725 other chemicals share this scaffold

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS06: Acute toxicity (severe)
Acute toxicity (severe)
GHS09: Hazardous to the environment
Hazardous to the environment
140NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H300Fatal if swallowed.
  • H310Fatal in contact with skin.
  • H330Fatal if inhaled.
  • H411Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary statements (20)
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P262Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
  • P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
  • P273Avoid release to the environment.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P284In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
  • P301 + P316If swallowed: Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P320Specific treatment is urgent (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P330Rinse mouth.
  • P361 + P364Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
  • P391Collect spillage.
  • P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 1654
Transport hazard class
6.1
Packing group
II

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Nicotine suppliers

Sponsored listings first, then the documented ranking: membership, verification, replies, completeness, freshness and ratings

All 98 suppliers
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Suppliers marked Unclaimed profile have not claimed their profile yet. They are not verified by CompoundList, their offers are price on request and details may have changed, so please confirm them with the supplier. Company representatives can claim a profile with a business email on the company's own website domain. Our team verifies each claim and sends the result by email.

Where suppliers are based

98 suppliers in 18 countries

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Nicotine price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Fumigant (former use).

Restricted use insecticide (US).

Use Sites: Ornamental plants in greenhouses only, especially poinsettias, and including annual bedding plants and chrysanthenmums.

Nicotine is a naturally occurring toxic chemical found in tobacco plants. It has a fishy odor when warm. Cigarettes, cigars, other tobacco products, and tobacco smoke contain nicotine. Worker exposure may occur during processing and extraction of tobacco. At one time, nicotine was used in the United States as an insecticide and fumigant, however, it is no longer produced or used in this country for this purpose. Nicotine affects the nervous system and the heart. Exposure to relatively small amounts can rapidly be fatal.

Use classes: Pharmaceuticals, Natural products.

Pharmacological actions

  • Ganglionic Stimulants
  • Nicotinic Agonists
  • Smoking Cessation Agents

Roles

  • aetiopathogenetic role
  • anxiolytic drug
  • biomarker
  • central nervous system depressant
  • central nervous system drug
  • cholinergic agonist
  • cholinergic drug
  • immunomodulator
  • indicator
  • insecticide
  • mitogen
  • neurotoxin
  • neurotransmitter agent
  • nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
  • peripheral nervous system drug
  • pesticide
  • pharmaceutical
  • phytogenic insecticide
  • plant metabolite
  • poison
  • psychotropic drug
  • teratogenic agent
  • tranquilizing drug
  • xenobiotic

Pharmacology

Nicotine is a Cholinergic Nicotinic Agonist.

How it is made

From waste tobacco, nicotiana tabacum, or from n rustica either by steam distillation in presence of alkali, or by extraction with trichloroethylene in presence of alkali & extraction from solvent by dil sulfuric acid ...

By distilling tobacco with milk of lime and extracting with ether

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 614-001-00-4

Health and food

  • EU Cosmetics Regulation Annex II, prohibited in cosmetics
    Name: Nicotine and its salts, Ref no: 246, Annex ref: II/246
  • Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels

United States

  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Nicotine is traded under.

HS 2939.79Indicative HS code

Alkaloids of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, salts, esters and other derivatives, not elsewhere…

World exports in 2024
$701M
+18.9% vs 2023, imports $830M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. Switzerland * partner reported25.3%
  2. Germany21.4%
  3. India * partner reported14.9%
Top importers
  1. United States20.9%
  2. Germany14.7%
  3. Italy14.6%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Nicotine is indicative (it was assigned by structure rules). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Nicotine, based on the data on this page

What is Nicotine?

(S)-nicotine is a 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.

What is the CAS number of Nicotine?

The CAS registry number of Nicotine is 54-11-5. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 104062-50-2, 22083-74-5.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Nicotine?

The molecular formula of Nicotine is C10H14N2 and its molar mass is 162.24 g/mol.

What is Nicotine used for?

Fumigant (former use). Restricted use insecticide (US). Use Sites: Ornamental plants in greenhouses only, especially poinsettias, and including annual bedding plants and chrysanthenmums. Nicotine is a naturally occurring toxic chemical found in tobacco plants. It has a fishy odor when warm.

Is Nicotine hazardous?

Nicotine carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: fatal if swallowed, fatal in contact with skin, fatal if inhaled. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Nicotine?

Nicotine is usually classified under HS code 293979 (Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other…). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Nicotine?

CompoundList lists 98 suppliers of Nicotine in United States, China, India, Germany and 14 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Nicotine in India?

14 suppliers in India list Nicotine on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Nicotine?

Suppliers quote Nicotine on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Nicotine

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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