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Hydroxides and bases

Sodium hydroxide

Also known as Caustic soda, Sodium hydrate, Aetznatron

CAS 1310-73-2Formula HNaOMolar mass 40.00 g/molEC 215-185-5
GHS signal word: Danger. Pictograms: Corrosive 1399 suppliers listed
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Sodium hydroxide chemical structure, HNaO, CAS 1310-73-2
2D chemical structure

Key facts

What buyers check first

All properties
Appearance
White, orthogonal crystals
Melting point
323 °C
Boiling point
1,388 °C
Density
2.13 g/cm³ 25 °C
Solubility
1 g dissolves in 0.9 mL water, 0.3 mL boiling water
HS code
281511
Category
Hydroxides and bases
UN number
UN 1823
Illustrative photo, colourless crystals beside an amber glass bottle on a laboratory bench
Typical packagingIllustrative packaging image, not the actual product

What is Sodium hydroxide?

Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide.

Identifiers

Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy

IUPAC name
sodium hydroxide
CAS number
1310-73-2 CAS number cross-checkedOther or deprecated CAS: 81133-20-2
EC numbers
215-185-5, 688-015-4
Molecular formula
HNaO
UNII
55X04QC32I
MDL number
MFCD00003548
INCI name
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
InChIKey
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI
InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
SMILES (canonical and isomeric)
[OH-].[Na+]

Synonyms

  • Caustic soda
  • Sodium hydrate
  • Aetznatron
  • Soda lye
  • White caustic
  • Soda, caustic
  • Natriumhydroxid
  • Rohrputz
  • Plung
  • Collo-Grillrein
  • Collo-Tapetta
  • Fuers Rohr
  • Rohrreiniger Rofix
  • Hydroxyde de sodium
  • Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH))
  • Natriumhydroxyde
  • Soda, hydrate
  • Sodium hydroxide dimer
  • Natrium causticum
  • Soda, kaustische
  • Lewis-red devil lye
  • Sodio(idrossido di)
  • Sodium hydroxide (Na2(OH)2)
  • Stamperprep
  • Caustic soda, liquid
Show all 38 synonyms
  • Sodium(hydroxyde de)
  • Tosoh pearl
  • Promoter 3308b
  • Natrii hydroxydum
  • Hydroxide, Sodium
  • Ascarite
  • NaOH
  • Liquid-plumr
  • Sodium hydroxide, pellets
  • sodium, hydroxide
  • Ascarite II
  • LYE
  • Sodium hydroxide, flake

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure

Physical and chemical properties

Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade

Appearance
White, orthogonal crystalsexp.
Odour
Odorlessexp.
Taste
Detection - the minimum physical intensity detection by a subject where he or she is not required to identify the stimulus but just detect the existence of the stimulus - in water: 8.00 × 10⁻³ mol/L.exp.
Melting point
323 °Cexp.
Boiling point
1,388 °Cexp.
Density
2.13 g/cm³ 25 °Cexp.
Autoignition temperature
Not flammableexp.
Solubility
1 g dissolves in 0.9 mL water, 0.3 mL boiling waterexp.
Vapour pressure
VP: 1 Pa at 513 °C, 10 Pa at 605 °C, 100 Pa at 722 °C, 1kPa at 874 °C, 10 kPa at 1080 °C, 100 kPa at 1377 °Cexp.

Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.

Computed descriptors

Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation

Molecular weight
40.00 g/molcalc.
Exact mass
39.9925 Dacalc.
LogP (octanol/water)
-3.17calc.
Topological polar surface area
30 Ųcalc.
Hydrogen bond donors
0calc.
Hydrogen bond acceptors
1calc.
Rotatable bonds
0calc.
Heavy atoms
2calc.
Rings
0calc.
Aromatic rings
0calc.
Fraction sp3 carbons
0calc.
Formal charge
0calc.
Stereocentres
0calc.
Components
2calc.

Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.

Safety and hazards

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet

GHS signal word
Danger
GHS05: Corrosive
Corrosive
031NFPA 704 rating

Hazard statements

  • H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Precautionary statements (12)
  • P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
  • P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
  • P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P301 + P330 + P331If swallowed: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting.
  • P302 + P361 + P354If on skin: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Immediately rinse with water for several minutes.
  • P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305 + P354 + P338If in eyes: Immediately rinse with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
  • P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
  • P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
  • P405Store locked up.
  • P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
UN number
UN 1823
Transport hazard class
8
Packing group
II

GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.

Full safety data and first aid

Sodium hydroxide suppliers

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Where suppliers are based

1399 suppliers in 88 countries

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Sodium hydroxide price

Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers

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Uses and applications

What the substance is used for, by industry and function

Both oil base and water base fracturing fluids are being used in the fracturing industry. Water base, which includes alcohol-water mixtures and low strength acids, make up the majority of treating fluids. The common chemicals added to these fluids are polymers for viscosity development, crosslinkers for viscosity enhancement, pH control chemicals, gel breakers for polymer degradation following the treatment, surfactants, clay stabilizers, alcohol, bactericides, fluid loss additives and friction reducer. (Hydraulic fracturing).

Hydraulic fracturing uses a specially blended liquid which is pumped into a well under extreme pressure causing cracks in rock formations underground. These cracks in the rock then allow oil and natural gas to flow, increasing resource production. ...

Read more

Chemical Name: Sodium hydroxide, Chemical Purpose: Adjusts the pH of fluid to maintain the effectiveness of other components, such as crosslinkers, Product Function: pH Adjusting agent.

In inorganic chemistry, sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of sodium salts, for alkaline ore digestion, and for pH regulation.

Industrial uses: Soil amendments (fertilizers), Ion exchange agent, Catalyst, Diluent, Thickening agent, Corrosion inhibitor, Stabilizing agent.

Consumer uses: Adhesion/cohesion promoter, Etching agent, Flocculating agent, Intermediate, Processing aids, specific to petroleum production, Oxidizing agent, Laboratory chemicals, Dye.

Use classes: Processing Aids and Additives, Safer Chemical Classes, Food additives, Cosmetics.

Cosmetic ingredient, INCI name SODIUM HYDROXIDE(buffering, denaturant)

Pharmacological actions

  • Caustics

Functional uses

  • Binder
  • Biocide
  • Catalyst
  • Chelating agent
  • Cleaning agent
  • Dye
  • Filler
  • Flavouring and nutrient
  • Oxidizing agent
  • Processing aids not otherwise specified
  • Surfactant (surface active agent)
  • pH regulating agent

Cosmetic functions

  • Buffering
  • Denaturant

How it is made

By reacting calcium hydroxide with sodium carbonate, from sodium chloride by electrolysis, from sodium metal and water vapor at low temperature.

Sodium hydroxide is produced industrially mainly by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. This yields sodium hydroxide solution, chlorine, and hydrogen in the mass ratios 1:0.88:0.025.

Solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is obtained by evaporating sodium hydroxide solution until the water content is < 0.5 - 1.5 wt%. The most efficient utilization of energy is achieved with multistage equipment.

Regulatory status

Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance

Europe

  • EU harmonised classification (CLP Annex VI)
    Index no: 011-002-00-6

Health and food

  • EU cosmetic ingredient inventory
  • Food additive

United States

  • Safer Choice ingredient list (USA)
  • TSCA inventory (USA)
    Status: Active in US commerce

HS code and trade data

Customs classification and reported world trade statistics

Global trade

World import and export statistics for the HS code Sodium hydroxide is traded under.

HS 2815.11Exact HS code

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), solid

World exports in 2024
$531M
−18.1% vs 2023, imports $637M
2019 to 2024
Top exporters
  1. China43.5%
  2. India * partner reported7.7%
  3. Thailand6.0%
Top importers
  1. Indonesia8.6%
  2. United States5.8%
  3. Turkey3.8%

* Partner reported figures, a lower bound.

Reported customs values in USD, not prices.Full trade data

The HS code shown for Sodium hydroxide is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers about Sodium hydroxide, based on the data on this page

What is Sodium hydroxide?

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide.

What is the CAS number of Sodium hydroxide?

The CAS registry number of Sodium hydroxide is 1310-73-2. Other or deprecated CAS numbers: 81133-20-2.

What is the molecular formula and weight of Sodium hydroxide?

The molecular formula of Sodium hydroxide is HNaO and its molar mass is 40.00 g/mol.

What is Sodium hydroxide used for?

Both oil base and water base fracturing fluids are being used in the fracturing industry. Water base, which includes alcohol-water mixtures and low strength acids, make up the majority of treating fluids.

Is Sodium hydroxide hazardous?

Sodium hydroxide carries the GHS signal word "Danger". Main hazards: causes severe skin burns and eye damage. This summary is not an SDS, always read the supplier safety data sheet.

What is the HS code of Sodium hydroxide?

Sodium hydroxide is usually classified under HS code 281511 (Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), solid). This is indicative, confirm it with your customs broker before shipping.

Where can I buy Sodium hydroxide?

CompoundList lists 1399 suppliers of Sodium hydroxide in India, United States, China, South Korea and 84 more. Send one free request to get and compare quotes. Your contact details stay private until you accept a quote.

Where can I buy Sodium hydroxide in India?

345 suppliers in India list Sodium hydroxide on CompoundList. Filter the suppliers list by country and send a request to compare prices, grades and delivery times.

What is the price of Sodium hydroxide?

Suppliers quote Sodium hydroxide on request because prices depend on grade, purity, quantity and destination. A free request on CompoundList gets you several quotes to compare.

Guides for buyers

Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Sodium hydroxide

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Data last updated 7 Oct 2026. Details may have changed, please confirm them with the supplier. Report an error on this page
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