Molecular formula
C19H21N3O2S
199 compounds have this formula on CompoundList.
- Molar mass
- 355.46g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 355.1354Da
- Atoms
- 46
- Elements
- 5
- Rings plus double bonds
- 11
The formula C19H21N3O2S describes a molecule made of 19 carbon atoms, 21 hydrogen atoms, 3 nitrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms and 1 sulfur atom. It is written in Hill notation: carbon first, then hydrogen, then the other elements in alphabetical order. The formula tells you which atoms are present, not how they are connected, which is why several different chemicals can share it.
Elemental composition
- C Carbon × 1964.20%12.011 × 19 = 228.209 g/mol
- H Hydrogen × 215.96%1.008 × 21 = 21.168 g/mol
- N Nitrogen × 311.82%14.007 × 3 = 42.021 g/mol
- O Oxygen × 29.00%15.999 × 2 = 31.998 g/mol
- S Sulfur × 19.02%32.06 × 1 = 32.060 g/mol
Look up another formula
Compounds with the formula C19H21N3O2S
Isomers we list, best known first. Open one to see its structure, properties, safety data and suppliers.
Showing 101 to 199 of 199 compounds
![4-(Allyloxy)-2-ethyl-8,8-dimethyl-8,10-dihydro-7H-pyrano[3'',4'':5',6']pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 708290-90-8](/s/RQCZNMPGZFENMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
4-(Allyloxy)-2-ethyl-8,8-dimethyl-8,10-dihydro-7H-pyrano[3'',4'':5',6']pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine
CAS 708290-90-8C19H21N3O2S
2-(5-Ethyl-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)acetohydrazide
CAS 732252-69-6C19H21N3O2S
![1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[[2-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]thiourea chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 512823-99-3](/s/RPVHOQAUUATDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[[2-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]thiourea
CAS 512823-99-3C19H21N3O2S
![2-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1H-quinazolin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 894873-35-9](/s/FSABUHPXCGIXPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
2-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1H-quinazolin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
CAS 894873-35-9C19H21N3O2S
![5-((2,5-Dimethylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,6-trimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 900004-30-0](/s/LKOVWXZOJKXWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
5-((2,5-Dimethylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,6-trimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
CAS 900004-30-0C19H21N3O2S
![2-(Methylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]phenyl}pyridine-3-carboxamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 1060326-86-4](/s/YXRUBVGHSRJYEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
2-(Methylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]phenyl}pyridine-3-carboxamide
CAS 1060326-86-4C19H21N3O2S
(2-(1-Ethyl-1H-indol-2-yl)thiazol-4-yl)(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methanone
CAS 1170434-46-4C19H21N3O2S
(2-(1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)thiazol-4-yl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone
CAS 1170542-53-6C19H21N3O2S
![N-[(3-Methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(propan-2-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 1251703-13-5](/s/WZKCIPDYQHPNDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
N-[(3-Methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(propan-2-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide
CAS 1251703-13-5C19H21N3O2S
3-(3-Acetyl-1H-indol-1-yl)-N-(4-ethyl-5-methylthiazol-2-yl)propanamide
CAS 1324057-79-5C19H21N3O2S
(E)-N-((1-Isonicotinoylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylamide
CAS 1396890-71-3C19H21N3O2S
(E)-N-((1-Isonicotinoylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-3-(thiophen-3-yl)acrylamide
CAS 1396890-10-0C19H21N3O2S
![2-((4-Methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-N-(1-phenylethyl)acetamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 1351632-04-6](/s/OQCCATZHPHMARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
2-((4-Methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-N-(1-phenylethyl)acetamide
CAS 1351632-04-6C19H21N3O2S
2-(1-(3-Methoxybenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
CAS 1448046-57-8C19H21N3O2S
![N'-[(E)-1H-Indol-3-ylmethylidene]-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzenesulfonohydrazide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 588678-99-3](/s/PUXPXVAEVNEJRL-FYJGNVAPSA-N.svg)
N'-[(E)-1H-Indol-3-ylmethylidene]-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzenesulfonohydrazide
CAS 588678-99-3C19H21N3O2S
5-Imino-4-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-ol
CAS 1676101-69-1C19H21N3O2S
5-Ethyl-6-methyl-2-(((5-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)oxazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)pyrimidin-4-ol
CAS 1040635-16-2C19H21N3O2S
![3-Amino-6,6-dimethyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-5,8-dihydropyrano[2,3]thieno[2,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 714212-15-4](/s/HQRNSPHBJOVXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
3-Amino-6,6-dimethyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-5,8-dihydropyrano[2,3]thieno[2,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
CAS 714212-15-4C19H21N3O2S
![(Z)-4-(Dimethylamino)-N-(4-methoxy-3,7-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)benzamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 868370-65-4](/s/LLZMBINBESGTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
(Z)-4-(Dimethylamino)-N-(4-methoxy-3,7-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)benzamide
CAS 868370-65-4C19H21N3O2S
![(Z)-N-(6-Acetamido-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)cyclohexanecarboxamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 865182-94-1](/s/WOPPOLFYDCYUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
(Z)-N-(6-Acetamido-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)cyclohexanecarboxamide
CAS 865182-94-1C19H21N3O2S
![(5E)-3-Butan-2-yl-5-[(2,5-dimethyl-1-pyridin-2-ylpyrrol-3-yl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 444782-27-8](/s/QMDDYIKIUMLOIK-LFIBNONCSA-N.svg)
(5E)-3-Butan-2-yl-5-[(2,5-dimethyl-1-pyridin-2-ylpyrrol-3-yl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
CAS 444782-27-8C19H21N3O2S
4-((2-(3,4-Dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-2-oxoethyl)thio)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one
CAS 1001520-03-1C19H21N3O2S
![1-(3-Cyano-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-2-yl)-3-(2-phenylethyl)urea chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 905431-24-5](/s/RCAVNZKKIAUBPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
1-(3-Cyano-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-2-yl)-3-(2-phenylethyl)urea
CAS 905431-24-5C19H21N3O2S
![4-(tert-Butyl)-N-(3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide chemical structure, C19H21N3O2S, CAS 946358-18-5](/s/BPMALZBKZTZWGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N.svg)
4-(tert-Butyl)-N-(3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)benzamide
CAS 946358-18-5C19H21N3O2S
- N-(3-Acetylphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide669731-46-8C19H21N3O2S
- 3-(1-Piperazyl)-1-tosylindole314083-22-2C19H21N3O2S
- 4-(2-Ethoxyphenyl)-5-((4-ethylphenoxy)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol917748-21-1C19H21N3O2S
- N1-allyl-N2-(2-(indolin-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl)oxalamide898452-14-7C19H21N3O2S
- N1-cyclopropyl-N2-(2-(indolin-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl)oxalamide903287-77-4C19H21N3O2S
- N-(4-Ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)butyramide941878-11-1C19H21N3O2S
- N-(6-Ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)butyramide941968-00-9C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone900013-14-1C19H21N3O2S
- 1-[2-(Methylsulfanyl)pyridine-3-carbonyl]-N-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxamide1090707-80-4C19H21N3O2S
- 1-[2-(Methylsulfanyl)pyridine-3-carbonyl]-N-phenylpiperidine-3-carboxamide1090766-12-3C19H21N3O2S
- 1 suppliers1-(1-(3-(Thiophen-2-yl)propanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one924128-96-1C19H21N3O2S
- N-(3-Ethoxybenzyl)-4-ethyl-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiazole-5-carboxamide1251602-68-2C19H21N3O2S
- N-((1-(Benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide1797574-90-3C19H21N3O2S
- N-{2-[5-Methyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethyl}-2-phenoxypropanamide2034506-09-5C19H21N3O2S
- N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-((1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamide1798517-14-2C19H21N3O2S
- N-(2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-thiomorpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide2034572-27-3C19H21N3O2S
- N-(2-(Furan-2-yl)-2-thiomorpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide2034574-57-5C19H21N3O2S
- N-(2-(Benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide2034309-47-0C19H21N3O2S
- 3-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyl)piperidine2034288-63-4C19H21N3O2S
- N-(2-(4-(Furan-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclopentanecarboxamide2034376-32-2C19H21N3O2S
- 2-(Benzylthio)-N-((2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl)methyl)acetamide2034524-07-5C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-4-[1-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclopentanecarbonyl]piperazin-2-one2309258-95-3C19H21N3O2S
- 2-(1H-1,3-Benzodiazol-1-yl)-N-[(oxan-4-yl)(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]acetamide2309589-66-8C19H21N3O2S
- 4-((7-(Dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium-3-yl)(methyl)amino)butanoate1374418-35-5C19H21N3O2S
- 2,4-Dimethyl-N-[[4-(propanoylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]benzamide695174-71-1C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-5-oxo-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide768291-76-5C19H21N3O2S
- 2-[[4-Ethyl-5-(2-furanyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]-1-(2,4,5-trimethylphenyl)ethanone849478-05-3C19H21N3O2S
- N,N-Diethyl-6-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)pyridine-3-sulfonamide7065-70-5C19H21N3O2S
- 1-Benzyl-3-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)urea903865-33-8C19H21N3O2S
- 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, (2-(4-((3-methylbutyl)thio)phenyl)-2-oxoethylidene)hydrazide53066-94-7C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Indole, 1-(2-piperidinylmethyl)-3-(2-pyridinylsulfonyl)-651335-32-9C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Indazole, 3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-(3-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-651336-01-5C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Indole, 1-(3-piperidinylmethyl)-3-(2-pyridinylsulfonyl)-651335-34-1C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Indazole, 6-methyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-(3-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-651335-99-8C19H21N3O2S
- N-[2-(Cyclopentylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide1012779-98-4C19H21N3O2S
- 3-(6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one1040643-91-1C19H21N3O2S
- 2-Thiazolemethanamine, N-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1269493-49-3C19H21N3O2S
- 3-(2-Hydroxymethyl-5-isopropyl-3-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylsulfanyl)-phenol620969-36-0C19H21N3O2S
- 4-Isopropoxy-N-((1-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)benzamide1421443-79-9C19H21N3O2S
- 2-(Benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-N-((4-cyclohexylthiazol-2-yl)methyl)acetamide2034489-75-1C19H21N3O2S
- 2-(Benzylsulfanyl)-N-{[5-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}acetamide2097922-48-8C19H21N3O2S
- 4-{3-[4-(Methylsulfanyl)phenyl]propanoyl}-1-(pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-2-one2097916-16-8C19H21N3O2S
- N-{[1-Methyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]methyl}-4-(propan-2-yloxy)benzamide2319717-54-7C19H21N3O2S
- 4-(Prop-2-enamido)-N-[2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]benzamide2199322-37-5C19H21N3O2S
- 3-[4-(2-Phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonylpyridine-2-carbonitrile2361678-51-3C19H21N3O2S
- N-[5-(2-Methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1-prop-2-enoylpiperidine-4-carboxamide2411248-14-9C19H21N3O2S
- 4-{[Methyl(1-phenylmethanesulfonylazetidin-3-yl)amino]methyl}benzonitrile2548978-42-1C19H21N3O2S
- N-{[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)oxan-4-yl]methyl}-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-amine2640818-63-7C19H21N3O2S
- Piperazine, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[[5-(2-thienyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl]-194491-33-3C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-2-[[(2R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine1001070-21-8C19H21N3O2S
- [2-(3-Benzylamino-propylsulfanyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acid877626-71-6C19H21N3O2S
- N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-phenylethyl)isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide651307-17-4C19H21N3O2S
- 1-{1-[(5-Acetyl-3-thienyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one1783227-43-9C19H21N3O2S
- 2-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1-(naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)piperidine1950103-60-2C19H21N3O2S
- 3-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(naphthalene-1-sulfonyl)piperidine2320545-14-8C19H21N3O2S
- N-{[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)oxan-4-yl]methyl}thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amine2380087-49-8C19H21N3O2S
- N-{2-Hydroxy-2-[4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}-1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide2380188-37-2C19H21N3O2S
- N-({[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]carbamoyl}methyl)-N-methylprop-2-enamide2361741-32-2C19H21N3O2S
- 2-Benzyl-5-[(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3-dione2415584-61-9C19H21N3O2S
- 1-[1-(Benzenesulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-2-(propan-2-yl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazole2415570-85-1C19H21N3O2S
- N-[2-(5-Methylthiophen-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide2411308-49-9C19H21N3O2S
- N-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)ethyl]-10H-phenothiazine-2-carboxamide16858-80-3C19H21N3O2S
- N-(4-Methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-1-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide2411265-52-4C19H21N3O2S
- [4-[(S)-3-Hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenyl](imino)(methyl)-l6-sulfanone3067185-00-3C19H21N3O2S
- (S)-1-[2-(1H-Indol-2-yl)-4-[(S)-S-methylsulfonimidoyl]phenyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol3067184-99-7C19H21N3O2S
- (1R,5R)-1,5,6,8-Tetrahydro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-1,5-methano-2H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,5]diazocine-3(4H)-carbothioamide26003-14-5C19H21N3O2S
- N-(1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)-4-((phenylmethylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide126826-52-6C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(1-(5-Ethylthiophene-2-carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one1324917-97-6C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine,2-[[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1008108-78-8C19H21N3O2S
- 2-{[3-Cyano-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]sulfanyl}-N-(2-methylpropyl)acetamide2308096-72-0C19H21N3O2S
- 1-(1-(2,5-Dimethylthiophene-3-carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one2182068-89-7C19H21N3O2S
- tert-Butyl 7-(5-cyanothiophen-2-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline-1-carboxylate2680732-95-8C19H21N3O2S
- Benzyl N-[3-cyano-6-(propan-2-yl)-4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl]carbamate2680881-56-3C19H21N3O2S
- 1H-Indole-6-carboxylic acid,2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-methyl-494800-08-7C19H21N3O2S
- 4(5H)-Thiazolone,5-[[5-(diethylamino)-2-furanyl]methylene]-2-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-366461-03-2C19H21N3O2S
Frequently asked questions
What is the molar mass of C19H21N3O2S?
The molar mass of C19H21N3O2S is 355.46 g/mol, calculated from standard atomic weights for 19 carbon atoms, 21 hydrogen atoms, 3 nitrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms and 1 sulfur atom. The monoisotopic mass is 355.1354 Da.
How many compounds have the formula C19H21N3O2S?
CompoundList lists 199 compounds with the molecular formula C19H21N3O2S, including 4-(Allyloxy)-2-ethyl-8,8-dimethyl-8,10-dihydro-7H-pyrano[3'',4'':5',6']pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine, 2-(5-Ethyl-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylacetyl)acetohydrazide, 1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[[2-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]thiourea. Compounds that share a formula are isomers. They contain the same atoms arranged differently, so their properties, uses and prices can be very different.
What is the degree of unsaturation of C19H21N3O2S?
C19H21N3O2S has a degree of unsaturation of 11. That is the total number of rings and pi bonds (a double bond counts as one, a triple bond as two) in any structure with this formula.