Morphine
Also known as Morphia, Morphium, Morphina
Key facts
What buyers check first
- Appearance
- Prisms
- Melting point
- 255 °C
- Boiling point
- 190 °C
- Density
- 1.32 at 20 °C/4 °C
- Solubility
- In water, 1.49 × 10⁺² mg/L at 20 °C
- HS code
- 293911
- Category
- Analgesics and anti-inflammatories
What is Morphine?
Plain description, key identifiers and synonyms
Morphine is a morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). It has a role as a geroprotector, an opioid analgesic, a vasodilator agent, a xenobiotic, an anaesthetic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a morphinane alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a morphine(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.
Identifiers
Registry numbers, names and line notations, tap to copy
- IUPAC name
- (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol
- CAS number
- 57-27-2 CAS number cross-checked
- EC number
- 200-320-2
- Molecular formula
- C17H19NO3
- UNII
- 76I7G6D29C
- InChIKey
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1
- Canonical SMILES
- CN1CCC23c4c5ccc(O)c4OC2C(O)C=CC3C1C5
- Isomeric SMILES
- CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O
Synonyms
- Morphia
- Morphium
- Morphina
- (-)-Morphine
- Morphinum
- Ospalivina
- Morphin
- Duromorph
- Meconium
- Morphinism
- Nepenthe
- Dulcontin
- Roxanol
- Morfina
- Morpho
- Statex SR
- Anhydrous morphine
- M-Eslon
- Aguettant
- Dinamorf
- Dimorf
- Morphine anhydrous
- Morphine (anhydrous)
- Morphine extended release
- (5R,6S,9R,13S,14R)-4,5-Epoxy-N-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6-diol
Show all 39 synonymsShow fewer synonyms
- 4,5alpha-Epoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6alpha-diol
- 7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-3,6-diol
- (5alpha,6alpha)-17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxymorphinan-3,6-diol
- 9H-9,9c-Iminoethanophenanthro(4,5-bcd)furan-3,5-diol, 4a,5,7a,8-tetrahydro-12-methyl-
- (7R,7as,12bs)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methano[1]benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol
- Chloride, Morphine
- (5alpha,6alpha)-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
- morphine tincture
- Contin, MS
- (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo(9.6.1.0^(1,13).0^(5,17).0^(7,18))octadeca-7(18),8,10,15-tetraene-10,14-diol
- (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo(9.6.1.0^(1,13).0^(5,17).0^(7,18))octadeca-7,9,11(18),15-tetraene-10,14-diol
- (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10,15-tetraene-10,14-diol
- (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7,9,11(18),15-tetraene-10,14-diol
- (7R,7AS,12bs)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methano(1)benzofuro(3,2-e)isoquinoline-7,9-diol
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values and descriptors computed from the structure
Physical and chemical properties
Measured values, check the supplier specification for your grade
| Appearance | Prismsexp.Measured value |
|---|---|
| Odour | Odorlessexp.Measured value |
| Taste | Bitterexp.Measured value |
| Melting point | 255 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Boiling point | 190 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Density | 1.32 at 20 °C/4 °Cexp.Measured value |
| Solubility | In water, 1.49 × 10⁺² mg/L at 20 °Cexp.Measured value |
Values vary by grade. Ask suppliers for the COA or TDS of the batch you buy.
Computed descriptors
Calculated from the structure, useful for screening and formulation
| Molecular weight | 285.34 g/molcalc.Computed value |
|---|---|
| Exact mass | 285.1365 Dacalc.Computed value |
| LogP (octanol/water) | 1.2calc.Computed value |
| Topological polar surface area | 52.93 Ųcalc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 2calc.Computed value |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 4calc.Computed value |
| Rotatable bonds | 0calc.Computed value |
| Heavy atoms | 21calc.Computed value |
| Rings | 5calc.Computed value |
| Aromatic rings | 1calc.Computed value |
| Fraction sp3 carbons | 0.53calc.Computed value |
| Formal charge | 0calc.Computed value |
| Stereocentres | 5calc.Computed value |
| Lipinski rule of five | Passes (0 violations)calc.Computed value |
Calculated for screening. Confirm critical figures with the supplier.
Murcko scaffold
The ring system that remains when every side chain is removed
Safety and hazards
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet
Hazard statements
- H302Harmful if swallowed.
- H317May cause an allergic skin reaction.
- H336May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
- H361Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
- H361fdSuspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
- H362May cause harm to breast-fed children.
Precautionary statements (21)
- P203Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.
- P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
- P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapours or spray.
- P263Avoid contact during pregnancy and while nursing.
- P264Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
- P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
- P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
- P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
- P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
- P301 + P317If swallowed: Get medical help.
- P302 + P352If on skin: Wash with plenty of water.
- P304 + P340If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
- P318If exposed or concerned, get medical advice.
- P319Get medical help if you feel unwell.
- P321Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on the label).
- P330Rinse mouth.
- P333 + P317If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.
- P362 + P364Take off contaminated clothing. And wash it before reuse.
- P403 + P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
- P405Store locked up.
- P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local regulations.
GHS classification summary, not a safety data sheet (SDS). Classifications can differ by supplier, grade and concentration. Always check the supplier's SDS.
Full safety data and first aidMorphine suppliers
Trading restrictions apply to this substance
Morphine is prohibited on CompoundList. Listings, quotes and messages are disabled. This page is kept for information only.
Listing and enquiries are not allowed for this substance.
Reference: UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961, HS 2022 subheading 2939.11 (opium alkaloids and their derivatives)
Our policy on controlled substancesMorphine price
Indicative price range per kg from live supplier offers
Prices are not shown for prohibited substances.
Uses and applications
What the substance is used for, by industry and function
Analgesics, Opioid, Narcotics.
Morphine (DEA Code Number: 9300) is a Schedule II controlled substance.
Schedule II Controlled Substance: (A) The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse, (B) The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions, and (C) Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
Analgesic (in form of acetate, hydrochloride, tartrate, and other soluble salts).
Use classes: Nervous System, Pharmaceuticals.
Industries and functions
Pharmacological actions
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Narcotics
Roles
- aetiopathogenetic role
- agonist
- allergen
- anaesthetic
- analgesic
- cardiovascular drug
- drug allergen
- environmental contaminant
- eukaryotic metabolite
- geroprotector
- metabolite
- mu-opioid agent
- mu-opioid receptor agonist
- neurotransmitter agent
- opioid agent
- opioid analgesic
- opioid receptor agonist
- pharmaceutical
- plant metabolite
- protective agent
- vasodilator agent
- xenobiotic
Functional uses
- Pharmaceutical
Pharmacology
Morphine is an Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of morphine is as a Full Opioid Agonist.
How it is made
Depending on its source, the morphine content of poppy straw or dried exudate may be as high as about 20%. ... Usually, the crude opium is extracted with water and filtered, and the aqueous extract concentrated, mixed with ethanol, and made strongly basic with ammonium hydroxide. Morphine usually precipitates, while the other bases remain in solution, and is further purified by crystallization as its sulfate.
Morphine is obtained by extraction of poppy capsules or opium (opium contains 9-14% morphine, depending on the source) with water, precipitation with aqueous Na2CO3-solution, washing of the precipitate with ethanol and dissolving in diluted acetic acid.
Regulatory status
Inventories, regulations and trade controls that list this substance
Morphine is prohibited on CompoundList. Listings, quotes and messages are disabled. This page is kept for information only.
Listing and enquiries are not allowed for this substance.
Reference: UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961, HS 2022 subheading 2939.11 (opium alkaloids and their derivatives)
Our policy on controlled substancesControls
- US DEA controlled substance or listed chemical
- Controlled narcotic drug
Health and food
- Active ingredient in FDA approved drug labels
HS code and trade data
Customs classification and reported world trade statistics
Global trade
World import and export statistics for the HS code Morphine is traded under.
Concentrates of poppy straw, buprenorphine (INN), codeine, dihydrocodeine (INN)…
- United Kingdom33.3%
- Spain21.3%
- Czech Republic8.6%
- United States30.8%
- United Kingdom13.2%
- Germany6.3%
The HS code shown for Morphine is indicative (it was matched by name in the HS nomenclature). Confirm the classification with your customs broker before shipping.
Related chemicals
Parent and salt forms, stereoisomers, similar structures and isomers
Salt and hydrate forms
Records that share this compound as their parent
Stereoisomers and isotopic forms
Same connectivity, different stereochemistry or isotopes (same InChIKey skeleton)
Similar structures
Nearest neighbours by Morgan fingerprint Tanimoto similarity
![(7S)-3-Methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol, hydrochloride chemical structure, C17H20ClNO3, CAS 118357-24-7](/s/XCKKIKBIPZJUET-MXXLTCJRSA-N.svg)
Same formula isomers
Different compounds that share this molecular formula
Frequently asked questions
Quick answers about Morphine, based on the data on this page
What is Morphine?
What is the CAS number of Morphine?
What is the molecular formula and weight of Morphine?
What is Morphine used for?
Is Morphine hazardous?
What is the HS code of Morphine?
Can I buy Morphine on CompoundList?
Guides for buyers
Practical guides that help when you source, ship or handle Morphine
- Article, QualityPharma grades explained: IP vs BP vs USP vs EPWhat the Indian, British, US and European pharmacopoeias are, how their monographs differ, what multi grade claims mean and why a grade alone does not make a product fit for medicines.Read
- Guide, SafetyHow to read a safety data sheet in 10 minutesA section by section method to pull the essentials out of any 16 section SDS: identity, hazards, composition, storage, PPE, properties, transport and emergency measures.Read
- Guide, SafetyGHS pictograms, signal words and hazard statements explainedA practical guide to the nine GHS pictograms, the signal words Danger and Warning, H and P statements, and how to read a chemical label in seconds.Read
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