Coenzymes and cofactors

Research labs use cofactors in enzyme assays and biocatalysis, and industrial biocatalysis uses them with recycling systems to keep costs low. Several cofactors and precursors are also sold as dietary supplements, and their regulatory status differs by market, especially for newer ingredients.

Ask for purity by HPLC, the salt and hydrate form, water, and for enzymatic work the assay by enzymatic method. Reduced forms such as NADH and NADPH are unstable and need cold, dry storage. For supplement ingredients, check novel food or GRAS status in the target market and ask for stability data. Prices vary widely between research and bulk supplement grades.